2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21
Almost everyone knows what heredity is. From a scientific point of view, heredity is the ability of an organism to transmit developmental features and characteristics to its offspring. Each child takes over from his parents some character traits and features of appearance, this is the answer to the question of what heredity is. In addition, the body is able to adopt the type of metabolism, and diseases, and inclinations. This is due to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the genetic material.
Genetics
What is heredity, even many children know, but not everyone knows that the science of heredity is genetics.
Types of genetics
If we talk about human genetics, then they divide it into the following types:
- Popular. Engaged in the study of genetic processes in groups of people that occur in certain marriages, under the influence of mutation, selection, isolation or population migration. She also studies the pattern of formation of the human genotype.
- Biochemical. Engaged in the study of specific, genetically controlled biochemical syntheses, while usingthe most modern methods of biochemistry (electrophoresis, analyses, chromatography, etc.).
- Cytogenetics. He is engaged in the study of material carriers of heredity, that is, he studies chromosomes, their functions and structure.
- Immunogenetics. It stands out due to the establishment of many immunological signs. Basically, these are antigens of leukocytes and erythrocytes, protein groups of blood serum.
Types of heredity
Today, the following types of heredity are distinguished:
1. Nuclear. It is associated with the transmission of traits (hereditary), which are located in the chromosomes of the nucleus. Its second name is chromosomal.
Criteria for nuclear inheritance types:
- autosomal recessive inheritance is rare (not in every generation). If both parents have this symptom, children cannot avoid it either. It can also be in children of those parents who do not have such signs;
- autosomal dominant occurs in every generation. If at least one of the parents has the trait, the child will also have it;
- holandric (linked to the Y-chromosome) is only a male trait and is common. Passed down through the male line;
- recessive with X chromosome is rare. In women, it can only be if the father has this sign;
- dominant with X - chromosome occurs in women 2 times more often.
2. Cytoplasmic. It is revealed by comparing the results of various reciprocalcrosses.
Heredity and environment
In the same situation, people will behave differently. This fact is attributed to heredity. But although it plays an important role in human life and development, the environment is also quite important. The final formation of personality depends on the psychological and physical education of a person. Heredity and environment are always linked. The more favorable the environment, the more likely it is to raise a worthy person from a child, even if the genetic heredity leaves much to be desired. Now, having received the answer to the question: "What is heredity?", You can raise a wonderful person.
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