Age characteristics of preschool children: the growth and development of the child

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Raising a preschooler places a great responsibility on the shoulders of an adult. It is at this age that children, like sponges, are able to absorb all the information offered, the main character traits are laid, and personal development takes place. The age characteristics of preschool children often force adults to misinterpret the actions of kids, to demand more from them than is possible. This is where the errors in education come from. In addition, these mistakes can even injure the fragile psyche of the child. Make him what he is not. You can avoid this if you try to understand the child at this stage of growing up.

Demand no more than you can yourself

First of all, the age-related psychological characteristics of preschool children are based on copying the behavior of an adult. Several problems follow from this:

1. The child strives for adult actions that he is not yet able to perform. For example, a daughter looks like a mothercuts vegetables. Mom is the most important person in a girl's life, so it goes without saying that the baby wants to repeat everything after her. She wants to take the knife, but she meets her mother's fear and the demand that she never dare to touch the knife. The reaction of the mother is understandable from the point of view of an adult. But for a child, this is not the case. Is mom doing something bad? Then her authority is undermined. You can not touch the knives, because. is this an adult activity? Then the child wants to repeat it even more, but he already knows that his mother will not approve of this action, which means that you need to do it secretly. The solution to the problem is very simple - take the child to you and cut vegetables, controlling his hand. Explain that the knife is very sharp and while the baby should touch it only with his mother. Interest is satisfied, contact with mom has reached a new level, besides, mom has become an even more magical creature, because she copes even with sharp knives.
2. Don't compromise your child. "Eat porridge and I'll give you candy", "clean up the room or you won't go to play." The age characteristics of preschool children do not allow them to understand the difference between an adult and a child. You put forward a compromise, and soon the child will say: "I won't eat if you don't make pancakes!". It turns out that parents themselves teach their kids to make demands. Instead, you can have a fun start cleaning toys in a race. Or dedicate the baby to the details: “If we don’t remove the toys quickly, we will be late for the circus,” etc.
3. Don't demand what you can't. There is a wonderful parable about a wise man, to whom a woman came and asked him to reason with her son, to convince himdo not eat sugar with a spoon, because it is harmful. The sage asked the woman to come back in a week, then another week later. And at the next meeting he said to the boy, "Don't eat sugar, it's bad for your body." Why couldn't the sage say this simple phrase at the first meeting? The thing is that he himself was very fond of sugar and before giving such instruction, he had to get rid of the bad habit on his own. That is, when telling a child not to eat sausages, do not keep them in your refrigerator.

These are 3 age characteristics of preschool children that become a stumbling block in relationships with adults.

Early Development

Recently, there have been many methods of early development. Many parents perceive this as just a newfangled trend, they do not consider it to be something important. But it is this age period that allows you to remember the maximum of the proposed information. Age characteristics of preschool children allow stimulating various areas of the brain through the development of fine motor skills, hand massage, etc.

It has been proven that children with well-developed fine motor skills begin to speak much earlier than their peers. The effect is achieved due to the impact on the active points located on the brush. The same goes for the ability to learn languages.

Unreasonable tantrums

Very often you can hear from parents of preschoolers that the child falls into unreasonable tantrums. In fact, this is simply impossible. To get rid of nervousseizures, you should find the cause, which is always there:

1. No mode. The age characteristics of children of primary preschool age make them very sensitive to time. When a child has absolutely no daily routine, he goes to bed at different times, does not have regular classes, his nervous system strains due to constant changes.
2. Fatigue. Isolated cases of tantrums occur frequently due to fatigue. After a long journey, if you had to get up early, etc.
3. Lack of attention. Adolescents express this by inadequate, in the opinion of adults, behavior. Younger children try to get attention with tantrums, constant tears.

To get rid of hysteria is quite simple, you just need to determine the cause and eliminate it. But be patient. If the mode is violated, you will have to endure the nervousness of the baby for about a week. Increasing attention also cannot be a one-off action.

Socialization of a preschooler

In the period from 3 to 7 years, the child actively explores society. He begins to strive for companies on the sites, is interested in peers and older guys. It is at this age that it is recommended to start attending kindergarten.

When choosing a company for a child, consider the age and individual characteristics of preschool children. Some children tend to be the same age, while others prefer the company of older children. Parents should try to give the child exactly the society that he needs. Then the baby willdevelop many times faster.

Speech Development

Age characteristics of preschool children also apply to speech. At 3 years old, the child begins to build sentences and try to express his desires. But he still does not have enough words to express his emotions and feelings.

In addition, contextual speech develops, i.e. the ability to tell a sequence of actions, to describe one's attitude to what is happening. At 7 years old, a child's vocabulary is about 3,000-5,000 words. At this age, the development of speech depends on the attention paid to the child. You need to play speech games, describe your actions and the child, discuss emotions.

Development of imagination

The baby sleeps peacefully in the dark, does not react to a spider running past and, in general, has no fears, except for one thing - to lose his mother. By the age of three, imagination begins to develop, and fears appear with it. Fear of the dark, now every shadow takes on an ominous shape, insects can scare, new interesting games appear. The age characteristics of older preschool children do not allow them to distinguish between the imaginary and the real.

Children need support, sympathy and understanding. Help them overcome their fears, take your hand and approach the frightening shadow together, show that it is not at all scary. Think of a different image for fears - turn an angry owl into a beautiful firebird. Remember that a child's imagination is very malleable.

Age featurespreschool children

At senior preschool age, a child develops:

- memory;

- attention;

- thinking;

- will;

- the ability to get along in a team.

The development of each of these aspects depends largely on the parents.

Memory of a preschooler

There are a lot of exercises for the development of memory. The simplest of them is to remember the products in the refrigerator, close it and retell the contents. Thus visual memory actively develops.

Before school, it is recommended to learn poetry with children. This develops verbal memory, that is, the ability to memorize text. In studies, this skill will be very useful.

Preschool Attention

Features of the age development of children of senior preschool age largely depend on the degree of attentiveness of the child. The quality of its performance depends on the ability to listen carefully to the task. Attention promotes perseverance, which is very important in school life.

The development of attention is facilitated by quiet activities that involve sitting still. For example, you can sit with your child by the window and count cars of the same color. This will develop attention span, teach you to concentrate on one specific action.

Preschooler Thinking

Thinking at this age is a "see-create image" system. The child thinks about what he sees, reflects precisely on this image. Mathematics greatly stimulates thinking.

Will inpreschool

Development of the will is facilitated by achievements. And vice versa, if something does not come out for a long time, the child quits the lesson, it ceases to arouse his interest. Remember that the characteristics of the age development of preschool children are very individual. It is not possible to set certain limits. One child can struggle to write a letter for 30 minutes, another can barely stand the failure of 5 minutes.

Be attentive to the child, catch this change and come to the rescue in time. Will is a very important quality, it often determines the success of a person.

Ability to get along in a team

A preschooler must attend kindergarten, developmental classes or some kind of circles. The socialization of a child is also possible on the playground, but one permanent team is needed to be able to get along with society.

When entering school, the age characteristics of preschool children are taken into account. The child is interviewed to determine how prepared he is and whether he is ready to join the school team.

Crisis points

At preschool age, the child is waiting for as many as two "transit points". The first is at the age of 3, when the child begins to show will, the desire to be independent. This period is also referred to as the "I myself" period.

The second test is waiting for a child at 6-7 years old. When learning ceases to be a fantasy, the child faceswith the first difficulty. In addition, he begins to show consciousness, compares his actions with the actions of adults. If earlier it was enough to put on a hat, now you have to explain why it is, and why dad does not put it on. Be patient and remember that standing up for your point of view is a very important part of growing up.

How to promote child development

First of all, every parent must learn the main rule - to pay maximum attention to their child. Professional teachers are great, but no one is able to instill self-confidence in a child like parents. And having believed in himself, even a small person is able to move mountains.

Consider the age characteristics of raising preschool children:

1. Don't yell at your child when you fail, don't get mad at him. Realize that this only seems to be a simple matter. And for a child, reading, writing, counting is something unknown. And if something was easy for you, your child is not obliged to cope with it just as easily. Let him be himself.
2. Remember that a preschooler's self-esteem is slightly inflated. Each child considers himself unique and the best. It's okay.
3. Don't pass on to others what you can do yourself. Be sensitive and attentive.
4. Don't delay your child's development, but don't overdo it either. If your child doesn't like the bill, set it aside for a month. Then try to introduce him to the classes again. Too much pressure can easily destroy a child's desire for that item forever.
5. Turn development into an exciting game. Preschool children perceive absolutely any information in this form and remember it perfectly. Draw letters, add candies, show imagination and creativity in everything.
6. Immerse your child in the most comfortable conditions, he will copy almost everything from the family into his life.

Is early development necessary?

How and when to start studying is up to the parents. But development does not mean constantly sitting at a desk and reading smart books. A child of preschool age is very capable of creativity, through him he easily learns the world, and it is on this knowledge that the development of speech, socialization, attention, and will depend. In turn, the child's ability to learn depends on this.

So, undoubtedly, by engaging in early development of a child, you contribute to his success in the future. Give him the best possible start in school.