"ACT-HIB" (vaccine): instructions for use. Hib vaccine

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Today, one of the most significant threats to the he alth of young children is Haemophilus influenzae (HIB). It develops very quickly and can lead to the most serious consequences, even death. Therefore, recently in our country, children and some adults are injected with a prophylactic drug - "ACT-HIB" (vaccine). Russia included it in its vaccination calendar only in 2011.

What is Haemophilus influenzae?

The bacterium that causes hemophilic infection is called Haemophilus influenzae, or the Afanasiev-Pfeiffer bacillus. There are 6 varieties of this wand, but the type b wand is the most dangerous. It causes a severe course of the disease and further complications. Approximately 85% of adults and 35-40% of children are carriers of Haemophilus influenzae. Numberquite large, but this is not surprising, because hemophilic infection belongs to the category of conditional pathogens, so its presence in the body in a small amount is considered the norm.

The highest percentage of carriers of Hib infection is observed in kindergartens, approximately 5%. This disease is transmitted by airborne droplets, so the risk of infection in public places is quite high. In kindergartens, this infection can be transmitted through household items: dishes, towels and toys. The severity of the disease depends on how many bacteria have entered the body. With a relatively small hit, a person becomes just a carrier, with a large hit, the disease begins to develop. And although carrying the infection goes unnoticed, the slightest weakening of the immune system will immediately make itself felt as a serious infectious disease.

Hemophilus influenzae most often affects children from six months to 5 years. The most dangerous age for the development of this disease is from 6 to 12 months, so the drug "ACT-HIB" (vaccine) is especially necessary during this period.

Why is Haemophilus influenzae dangerous?

"ACT-HIB" (vaccine) is highly recommended by pediatricians for a reason, because an infection with a weakened immune system can cause a number of serious complications, such as:

• meningitis - it leads to serious brain damage, the mortality rate of this disease is high compared to others, it is 15%;
• epiglottitis - the disease can lead to asphyxia, that is, suffocation;
• pneumonia - this disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae is characterized by a particularly severe course and a high percentage of death;
• sepsis - although it occurs quite rarely, it has severe consequences;
• bronchitis - not as dangerous as pneumonia, but fraught with a transition to a chronic form;
• otitis media - in severe cases, it threatens with partial deafness.

This is not to mention the fact that Hib infection causes the development of acute respiratory infections and arthritis. The insidiousness of hemophilic infection lies in the fact that the initial symptoms in most cases do not cause concern for parents. Clinical signs, as a rule, become noticeable already when complications appear. Wand type b is particularly resistant to antibiotics, so it causes many difficulties in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae infection (HIB). The vaccine does not guarantee that the child will not get sick, but it will help relieve the illness.

Vaccine

"ACT-HIB" (vaccine) is produced by the French company "Sanofi Pasteur". It was registered in Russia in 1997; until 2010, the Hib vaccine was given on a voluntary basis. Only at the end of 2010, due to the high incidence rate, she was legally included in the vaccination calendar.

"ACT-HIB" is a vaccine, reviews of which are very contradictory. However, it is highly recommended for parents with children under the age of 5. This is especially true for babies related to the followingrisk groups:

• premature babies;
• children who are bottle-fed;
• immune-compromised children prone to frequent colds;
• babies with chronic illnesses that prevent their bodies from fighting infections;
• children attending public educational institutions.

"ACT-HIB" (vaccine) is injected not only to children, but also to adults suffering from immunodeficiency.

How does the vaccine work?

The hemophilic drug was created on the basis of a defective antigen connected to a tetanus toxoid protein molecule. It does not contain the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b and therefore cannot cause disease. Combining an antigen with a protein solved several problems at once:

• Children developed strong immunity to bacteria;
• it was possible to reduce the reactogenicity of the vaccine and make it the safest.

The hemophilic vaccine compared to its counterparts, and there are two more of them - the Hiberix and Pentaxim vaccines, has undergone more clinical trials, the results of which are more than satisfactory. It was found that the immunity formed in a child persists for 4 years. This interval is quite enough, because in the fifth year of life, the baby begins to produce the right amount of antibodies against Hib infection.

This kind of vaccination implies not only personal protection from infection, but also strengthens collective immunity. Studies have shown that in preschoolinstitutions with the help of vaccination, the incidence rate was reduced from 40 to 3.

Vaccination schedule

The "ACT-HIB" vaccine, the instructions for which are familiar to every doctor, is given to babies starting from the age of two months. If the initial vaccination is done in the first half of the child's life, then the scheme looks like this:

• first time - vaccination is given on the set day;
• second time - re-vaccination is carried out after 30-45 days;
• third time - the last vaccination is given one year after the first one.

If the first vaccination was delivered in the second half of the year, the scheme changes accordingly, that is, one stage is removed from it and vaccinations are made with an interval of 1 month. If the vaccine is given after a year, then 1 injection is enough.

"ACT-HIB" is a vaccine, the instructions for which require strict adherence to prescriptions. The injection is given intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Babies who are under 2 years old are injected into the front of the thigh, older children - into the shoulder, or rather, into the deltoid muscle.

Features and composition

In Russia, one of the safest and most convenient injections is the ACT-HIB vaccine. Instructions, reviews of foreign and Russian doctors claim that this drug is allowed to be mixed in one syringe with other vaccines, for example, with the DTP vaccine. The main advantages of this medicine include the following nuances:

• almost no side effects, soand allowed for babies from birth;
• is of great help in producing the right amount of antibodies;
• maintains immunity for a long time;
• shows good performance against type b wand.

Hemophilic vaccination is effective due to its constituent elements that are highly active. This is:

• sucrose;
• sodium chloride;
• treated water for injection;
• trometamol;
• compound of polysaccharide and tetanus protein.

This composition allows you to maintain the immune system at the proper level even in the smallest children.

The reaction of the body to the vaccine and possible complications

"ACT-HIB" is a vaccine that is fairly well tolerated. In almost all cases, the immune system responds adequately to the injection, only a small percentage of those vaccinated respond insufficiently. A protective mechanism to fight the disease is formed within 14 days after administration. More than 90% of the vaccinated population keeps it at the same level for 4 to 5 years.

Usually, the use of the vaccine does not provoke any side effects, in some cases, redness, swelling or thickening of the tissues at the injection site may be observed. In addition, the injection may cause the following complications:

• edema;
• skin itching;
• rash;
• vomit;
• anxiety and prolonged crying;
• increased body temperature;
• urticaria;
• convulsions.

As a rule, this symptomatology is observed when two vaccines are mixed. It passes without a trace without medical intervention during the day. It should be noted that the introduction of the vaccine may provoke an increase in the interval between respiratory movements in infants. This is especially true for premature babies born before the 28th week.

Preparing for vaccination

In order to avoid complications, the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine, like any other, must be prepared. To do this, you need to have a conversation with your doctor or pediatrician and clarify all the necessary information about the properties and side effects of the drug. A few days before the intended vaccination follows:

• do a full check-up with a doctor;
• keep your baby away from contact with sick people;
• if the baby is breastfed, mom should not introduce new foods into her diet - this is fraught with various allergic reactions.

Every person's body reacts to vaccination differently. To alleviate or avoid an unexpected reaction, it is recommended:

• after vaccination, stay under medical supervision for half an hour;
• take daily walks, but only in areas where there are no large crowds of people, this is the only way to prevent infection;
• the first three days you can bathe a child in the shower for no more than 3 minutes;
• avoid introducing new foods into the baby's or mother's diet.

Hemophilus influenza vaccine maycause an allergy to individual components, therefore, for preventive purposes, you need to take drugs such as Suprastin or Zodak (on the recommendation of a doctor).

Contraindications

According to the instructions, the vaccine is contraindicated:

• people with individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
• Children with an allergic reaction to this vaccine or other shots;
• Children with an allergic reaction to tetanus toxoid.

For the full assimilation of the components of the drug, the body must be absolutely he althy.

Form of release and storage conditions of the vaccine

The vial with the medicine and the syringe with the solution for injection are available in thermal packaging. The purchase of this drug is restricted to he althcare facilities.

The vaccine ampoules are stored in the refrigerator, the optimum temperature is 2-8 degrees Celsius. If the drug is stored at low temperatures, it loses most of its active properties. The term of use of the vaccine is 3 years, after which it is disposed of.