Toys in kindergarten: purpose of toys, list of permitted, subjects and requirements of SanPiN

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

We all fiddled with toys in childhood: some tasted, tested for strength, fed, dressed, others were the heroes of exciting stories. Those who went to preschool institutions know firsthand that there is always a large selection of toys for every taste and color. Today we will discuss what toys should be in kindergarten, what are the requirements for them and what are the basic rules for choosing.

Toys Destination

This category includes a fairly wide range of items that can meet the needs of children.

Game process is an integral part of the development of babies, through it they learn life, make discoveries, gain experience.

It is not for nothing that even representatives of authorized bodies, when checking the living conditions of a child, always pay attention to the presence of toys, since the full development of the personality depends on this.

Kindergarten is the territory of children, so the items for games here shouldbe mandatory, and each age group has its own set.

The main purpose of toys in kindergarten is to help in assimilating the properties of the surrounding world: shape, size, color, and other physical characteristics of objects; development and training of the child's logical thinking, concentration, fine motor skills.

Self-learning toys according to the method of Maria Montessori are very popular lately. These primarily include sorters - objects of various shapes (cubes, polyhedra, cars, houses, etc.), in which holes are made in the form of any figures (geometric, animals, letters, etc.). The so-called business boards are also gaining momentum - boards with attached household items that are so often of interest to the baby: sockets, locks, keys, zippers, latches, door handles, etc. By the way, they can be recommended for consideration if you need to make toys with your own hands for kindergarten, because every dad can easily make such a wonderful board.

Views

Let's figure out what toys are in kindergarten. They can be divided into groups according to different criteria.

Age:

• for the nursery;
• for the younger group;
• for the middle group;
• for senior group;
• for prep.

By theme:

• dolls and accessories for them, houses;
• transport;
• cubes, designer, other building material;
• mosaic, puzzles, liners;
• sorters;
• knockers;
• soft toys, animal figurines;
• dishes andfood;
• phones, electronic and musical toys;
• numbers, letters;
• board games and more

Based on material:

• plastic;
• wooden;
• from fabric;
• from metals.

Also can be classified by texture (rough, smooth) and colors.

What are allowed? Regulation requirements

The requirements for all toys are always the same: they must not be toxic, dangerous, have too small details. It is these norms that predetermine the harmlessness of items for games.

The following GOSTs apply in the "toy" industry:

• 25779-90 (interstate standard: general safety requirements, control);
• R 53906-2010 (national standard: general safety, physical and mechanical properties);
• P 51557-99 (electric toys);
• ISO 8124-2-2001 (flammability);
• ISO 8124-3-2001 (Emission of substances harmful to the child).

Basic SanPin for toys in kindergarten - "2.4.7.007-93. Production and sale of games and toys" (repealed in terms of safety): establishes requirements for materials, certification process and sale of toys. Previously, there was also SanPin 42-125-4148-86, adopted back in Soviet times, but the document was never published.

So, toys for kindergarten children must have:

• certificate of quality;
• marking on the label/packaging (with the name of the manufacturer, his details,indicating the age of the child);
• positive assessment of the state sanitary and epidemiological examination.

When filling preschool institutions, the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard are also taken into account. According to the Federal State Educational Standard, toys for kindergarten should create a developing object-spatial environment: variable, rich in content, multifunctional, transformable, accessible and safe.

Basic requirements according to GOST

1. In the manufacture of toys, hygienic requirements must be observed: materials and end results must be free of rust, traces of insects, other similar damage, and externally clean. Checked visually.
2. There must be no flammable, toxic materials.
3. Details, edges must be free of sharp edges and burrs.
4. Protruding rigid parts must be protected.
5. Toys that can accommodate a child must have ventilation holes, the doors from the inside must be adapted for opening by a child (appropriate pressing force).
6. Heavy floor toys over 5 kg must not be turned over.
7. Protective-decorative coating must be resistant to saliva, sweat and wet processing.
8. The seams of stuffed toys must be strong.
9. Toys for children under three years of age should not have accessible glass and porcelain, pile materials. For them, it is not allowed to use stuffing materials with hard / sharp objects (glass fragments, nails, metal chips, needles, etc.), as well asgranular materials with a grain size of 3 mm or less.
10. The braking system of propulsion toys must be in good working order. The speed of electric toys must not exceed 8 km/h.
11. The mass of rattles for children under 3 years old should be no more than 100 g.
12. Inflatable toys for playing on the water must be waterproof and sealed.
13. The construction of prefabricated toys must be durable, operation - easy and reliable.
14. Storage of toys: at t 10-20 °С and relative humidity 6%.

What does GOST not classify as toys?

The list includes the following items:

• christmas accessories, garlands;
• decorative dolls;
• models for adult collectors;
• sports equipment;
• pneumatic guns;
• pyrotechnics;
• items for archery and arrows with metal tips, catapults for throwing stones;
• functional products (ovens, irons) with a voltage of more than 24 V;
• Vehicles with internal combustion engine, steam engine;
• bicycles for driving on public roads (sports, tourist, etc.);
• video games for video screens (over 24V);
• inflatable vests, circles, etc.;
• sports protection (goggles, helmets, etc.);
• decorations;
• nipples;
• puzzles with over 500 pieces and more

Marking

It should be applied to the toy itself / container / insert. The marking must be clearreadable, indelible and contain the following information:

• toy name;
• age of children for whom it is intended;
• manufacturer's name, address;
• manufacture date;
• warning for safe operation.

Toys not intended for children under 3 years of age should have a symbol in the form of a crossed-out (from left to right diagonally) red circle, inside which the numbers 0-3 and the contour of the face are written in black on a white background.

Selection rules

When purchasing toys for a kindergarten group, you need to rely on some aspects, since the correct development of the child largely depends on the literacy of selection:

• appropriate for children's age;
• fabric toys should be with a solid frame so that the walls do not sag;
• figures and small parts to pick up the size of 4-5 cm, they should be comfortable for the child to capture;
• parts of toys with contents must be securely fastened so that small parts do not fall apart to avoid accidents;
• plastic objects should be homogeneous, the paint is evenly distributed on them, there should be no burrs and irregularities;
• wooden toys must be sanded smooth and painted evenly, otherwise children may "catch" splinters;
• musical accessories should be pleasing to the ear.

It is also worth noting that in the group itself, toys should be placed on low racks, inboxes on wheels, in plastic boxes so that children can take them freely. For items with many details (designers, for example), multiple packaging made of durable polyethylene, fabric, plastic, wood should be provided.

For junior group 2-3 years old

This is the most tender age, it is then that the foundations of knowledge and concepts about the world are laid in the kids, so the right things are very important in the environment of the child. Everyone must have heard the phrase: “absorbs like a sponge!”, So, this is exactly about such little fidgets! Children of this age do not sit still for a minute, but are constantly learning something, so safety also comes first here. Toys should not be fragile, with small parts, with sharp edges.

Teachers identify 3 groups of useful toys in kindergarten for the younger group:

• dolls, other characters, animals;
• sets of letters and numbers;
• picture cards.

The first item is required for all children. These toys contribute to the development of imagination and creativity: in one game, the doll goes to kindergarten, in the other, she will be a teacher or a mother herself.

Colorful numbers and letters help the child learn the basics of future sciences. Putting them in rows, children will definitely remember their spelling, and bright colors will not leave anyone indifferent.

Although the baby may not yet know how to speak well, he sees and understands a lot, so picture cards (books) will be indispensable helpers. In this case, the visu althe subject is associated by the child with the word spoken aloud. Subsequently, he will definitely find this item when you ask him about it.

Kids at this age are just starting to play together, the images should be conditional, you need to focus on different characteristic details in toys (opening doors, raising the body of a dump truck, etc.).

Toys in size are usually taken large, closest to the size of real things.

A set of toys for children of the second younger group usually consists of the following items:

• dolls, animals, birds of different sizes;
• wrist puppets;
• figures of fairy-tale characters, little men;
• masks of fabulous animals;
• clothing for games (white hat, raincoat, cap, helmet);
• tea set, cookware in different sizes;
• bowls, buckets, a set of vegetables and fruits;
• plastic hammer;
• doll bedding;
• iron and ironing board;
• trucks;
• open top vehicles, fire engine, ambulance;
• steam locomotives, wagons, planes;
• carriages for dolls;
• horses (other animals) on wheels/rocking chairs;



• horse on a stick;
• medical instruments;
• striped rod, binoculars;
• doll furniture, stove;
• skeleton of the house;
• screen counter;
• screen-skeleton of a bus (car) with a steering wheel;
• gas station;
• volumetric modules (cubes, rollers, etc.);
• bigbuilding set;
• substitute items are small;
• pieces of cloth;
• balls, skittles;
• ball and gate;
• board games ("fish", "ball in the hole").

For the middle group 3-4 years old

Children of this age usually have a well-developed imagination and perseverance, so the main game becomes role-playing.

The set of toys for the middle group of kindergarten consists of the same items as for the second younger group, plus some more are added to them:

• crane;
• railway;
• rocket-robot;
• small cars;
• scales, watches, phones;
• bags, baskets, backpacks;
• steering wheel and steering wheel on stand;
• folding screen, theater (screen);
• doll house;
• farmyard layout;
• landscape layout;
• traffic light;
• building sets by subject (fortress, city, farm);

• large button constructor;
• table bowling alley; ring toss;
• table games "lotto" and "goose".

If you are faced with the question of how to make a toy with your own hands for a kindergarten, as an example, you can offer the simplest - a screen-theater for puppets. All you need is thick cardboard (you can use it from under the box), fabric, thread, needle, glue. And those who are fond of sewing can easily tailor wrist puppets. Such theaters are very popular with children, they develop imagination and attentiveness.

For older preschoolers

To thisthe categories of kindergarteners include children of the senior and preparatory groups. Children 4-6 years old are already quite independent, they know how to express themselves well, they know the main purpose of objects. The main goal of education at this age is preparation for school, so special emphasis is placed on learning letters and counting.

In the first place among the toys there are also cubes with letters and numbers, cards, games that develop dexterity and motor skills - constructors and mosaics, but with smaller details.

So, small people and animals (5-7 cm), a set of clothes and accessories for dolls, military equipment, collapsible vehicles, a collapsible doll house, sets for small characters (zoo, house, garage, lighthouse, city, farm, road signs and traffic lights), school furniture set, table football/hockey, towns, darts, hopscotch mat, dominoes, checkers, chess, etc.

What must be mandatory in kindergarten?

For all preschools there is a list of must-have toys:

• characters: figurines of people, animals, dolls, etc.;
• learning items: pyramids, mosaics, puzzles, inserts, etc.;
• items: dishes, tools, stoves, irons, etc.;
• transport;
• board games, printed materials: puzzles, dominoes, "lotto", cards with fruits, vegetables, various items;
• sets for experimentation: metal, wooden construction sets, etc.

Parents most often bring educational games for kindergarten classes. Toys really contribute to the formation of the correct thinking in the child and the skills needed in the future, so educational games are also approved by educators.

Objects that cause cruelty, cynical attitude to life, early sexual manifestations, violence are strictly prohibited.

At the same time, it is important that toys are available for both boys and girls, according to their tastes and desires. This contributes to the full development of personality.

As you can see, the range of toys is very large. Choosing the right ones and creating a developing environment in kindergarten is a responsible and difficult task that is entrusted to educators. After all, for example, if you buy a prefabricated helicopter for a 2-year-old kid, he is unlikely to sit and dig for a long time with this activity, this toy is more suitable for older children. And vice versa, at the age of 6 it’s no longer interesting to string pyramid rings, I want to assemble something large-scale from small details like Lego.

Of course, in the first place in a preschool institution is not the game or toy itself, but the process of presenting it to the child by the teacher, 90% of success depends on this.

At the same time, you should always remember that toys used in kindergarten must first of all meet safety requirements, and only then correspond to the age of the child.