Polyvalent vaccine: instructions, benefits

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Veterinarians often use monovalent and polyvalent vaccination regimens. Physicians can make adjustments to the standard animal disease prevention regimens to suit the individual needs of their patient.

Polyvalent vaccines were created primarily for the convenience of the owner of the animal, since such a procedure can be carried out in just one visit to the veterinary clinic. Monovalent drugs are administered over a course of several weeks. It exhausts the animal, makes it aggressive, makes it nervous.

The concept of a polyvalent vaccine

The most popular today are universal preparations, which include several components at once, protecting our smaller brothers from plague, adenovirus, parainfluenza, petospirosis, plague and even rabies.

The expression "polyvalent vaccine" came to us from Greece. It literally translates as "many force." Such drugs are also called polyvariant, polytypic or polystamp by experts. Their main difference fromother vaccines is that they contain several variants of pathogens of the same disease at once. They are divided by type into bivalent and trivalent.

Numerous studies conducted by scientists both in our country and abroad have clearly proven that vaccination of pets with polyvalent drugs is much more effective than other methods of preventing terrible diseases. To prove this fact, scientists artificially infected experimental dogs vaccinated with polyvalent drugs. Later it turned out that the immunity of animals became resistant to deadly viruses.

Drug against leptospirosis

The polyvalent VGNKI vaccine against leptospirosis was created for the preventive immunization of pets against such a dangerous disease as leptospirosis. Especially often, the drug is used to protect the he alth of fur animals and livestock in farms where the livestock is not tested for leptospirosis. It is also useful to get vaccinated during a sharp outbreak of this disease.

The vaccine is available in three versions. The first is used to vaccinate pigs, the second is necessary to protect large farm animals such as cows, horses, bulls and others. The third version of the vaccine was created for fur animals.

Biological properties

The polyvalent vaccine against leptospirosis stimulates immunity to active protection against this disease in farm animals and other animals living on farms. Applicationthe drug significantly reduces the likelihood of complications, death, and re-infection during the occurrence of a strong focus of the incidence of leptospirosis in the area where the animals are located.

Immunity is ready to actively resist this disease already a week after vaccination. At the same time, it is worth remembering that the vaccine should be done regularly every six months.

Vaccination form and composition

The drug is packaged in small doses in vials, each containing 100 milliliters of the drug. They are tightly sealed with rubber stoppers and rolled in metal caps to prevent accidental opening.

The polyvalent vaccine against animal leptospirosis looks like a clear, colorless liquid with a gray precipitate. When shaken, it quickly turns into a homogeneous mixture, after which it can be used.

The composition of the drug includes the following strains of the virus:

• Seiro.
• Tarassovi.
• Leptospira Pomona serogroups.
• Influenza.

How to use the drug

The polyvalent leptospirosis animal vaccine should only be given when the animal is one month old. The veterinarian injects the drug once intramuscularly using a disposable syringe.

For preventive purposes, to exclude abortions as a result of complications of the disease, a polyvalent vaccine for dogs and farm animals is used two months before the intended mating or in the first trimesterpregnancy.

Before use, the drug must be shaken vigorously until a homogeneous gray mixture is formed. During the vaccination, the doctor must carefully observe all generally accepted asepsis rules, namely, use only a sterile instrument and treat the injection site with an alcohol antiseptic.

The vaccine should be stored in closed ampoules in dry, dark rooms at a temperature of two to fifteen degrees Celsius until use. The shelf life of a polyvalent vaccine is no more than a year, after this period, the pharmaceutical product is prohibited to use.

Contraindications for use

Veterinarians should remember that the polyvalent vaccine for animals has a number of limitations. Namely, the drug should not be administered to animals in the last month of pregnancy, as well as in the first week after birth. It is also forbidden to use a polyvalent vaccine immediately after deworming. It is best to wait about a week, and only then proceed to prevent infection with a virus that is fatal to animals. At the same time, milk and meat of vaccinated farm animals can be consumed by people without fear and without any restrictions.

Description and characteristics of the vaccine

Polyvalent vaccine made from different cultures of Leptospira serogroups:

1. Icterohaemorrhagiae.
2. Pomona.
3. Tarassovi.

For the immunization of pigs, Canicola serogroups are also added to the preparation. Forprotection against incurable diseases in animals such as goats, sheep, and cattle, the vaccine against leptospirosis is made from leptospira serogroups Sejroe, Pomona, Grippotyphosa and Tarassovi with the addition of aluminum hydroxide gel as an adjuvant in a ratio of one to three.

One cubic centimeter of a medicinal product intended for farm animals contains about 25 million different leptospira of each serogroup.

Immune response to vaccine

The drug causes a rapid formation of an immune response in animals to pathogenic leptospira. The body is fully ready to resist the deadly virus two to three weeks after the subcutaneous injection of the drug. Colostral immunity in unborn piglets and lambs, passed down from vaccinated parents, can last up to one to two months, and in calves up to three months.

The vaccine is absolutely harmless both for animals and for people who eat the meat of vaccinated and then killed animals. It has no healing effect.

Importance of the vaccine for animal husbandry

Successful development of animal husbandry, as well as the breeding of he althy offspring in farm animals is impossible without veterinary intervention. It is necessary to periodically provide preventive activities aimed at vaccinating animals, as well as timely eliminate already sick cattle, including a disease calledleptospirosis.

Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonoses. This disease is often recorded by veterinarians in both domestic and various farm animals. In addition, cases of leptospirosis in humans and wild animals have been recorded on many continents of our planet.

Creating a vaccine

Many domestic and foreign scientists have made a great contribution to the study of leptospirosis, the fight against it through the creation of a polyvalent vaccine. Among them are S. I. Tarasov, M. V. Zemskov, S. Ya. Lyubashenko and many others.

They have proven that prevention through vaccination is at the heart of the fight against this disease. Thanks to the polyvalent vaccine, the possibility of contracting leptospirosis, including leptospirosis etiology, mass infection with this disease, as well as abortions caused by various complications, is excluded.