Correction and developmental lesson for preschoolers and primary schoolchildren

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

The steady increase in the number of children requiring timely intervention in their development system by teachers and child psychologists is making adjustments to the educational process of preschool and school educational institutions. A new form of educational activity appears in the schedule of classes and lessons called a correctional and developmental lesson.

Organization of a special approach to the smallest

The problems of some preschoolers become visible from the moment they enter a children's educational institution. Against the background of their peers, such babies are distinguished by the insufficient formation of certain functions and skills. In the event that we are talking about younger preschoolers, then the child needs, basically, enhanced supervision by a psychologist. The specificity of the development of young children, due to its wavelike nature, does not give an unambiguous real picture of the level of mental development of the baby. IndividualIt is advisable to plan and conduct classes with younger preschoolers and young children in the direction of improving the adaptation of the child to the conditions of the educational institution.

The place of the individual plan in the kindergarten curriculum

The directed system of individual lessons, as a rule, enters the active phase for specialists in the middle and senior preschool period. The so-called "problem children" already require intervention and correction of developmental deficiencies, which psychologists take into account when compiling a summary of a correctional and developmental lesson. Specialists build work based on previously identified problems of the child. At preschool age, according to statistics, shortcomings are revealed, first of all, in the level of speech development, psycho-speech development, emotional-volitional disorders, pathology of the formation of the level of individual mental processes. After a detailed examination, a child psychologist or rehabilitation specialist determines a corrective route and plans corrective and developmental activities with children.

Correction of deficiencies in the intellectual development of the child

Educators during the educational process from time to time pay attention to children who differ from the general mass of their peers in that they are either absolutely not interested in what is happening in the classroom, or do not keep up with other children, but there are those who try, but to no avail. Psychologists believe that the problem of such babies is the insufficient level of intellectual development that occurs infor a variety of reasons. To determine the causes and shortcomings themselves is a priority task for specialists in the psychological service and speech pathologists. Based on the diagnostic examination, specialists build a corrective impact and develop a system of activities with children. Correctional and developmental classes for preschoolers are conducted with a subgroup and individually, depending on the identified problem. Subgroups combine several kids with one developmental problem. Classes with children with intellectual disabilities are held 1-2 times a week, the duration of classes should not exceed the established time limits.

Recommendations from cognitive correction planners

The psychohygienic foundations of education developed by child psychologists recommend planning a correctional and developmental lesson for younger students in the first half of the day, from 10.00 to 12.00. This time is considered the most productive for stimulating the intellectual functions of the brain, as well as for intensive mental work. In this case, it is also worth considering the day of the week set aside for remedial classes. Monday is absolutely not suitable for increased mental stress, since this day is considered a day of working out, and the potential of brain activity is low. On Tuesday and Wednesday, brain activity stabilizes, so the classes conducted on these days are highly productive. Thursday, according to the innovative teacher Shatalov, is the so-called"energy hole" It is categorically not recommended to plan and conduct a correctional and developmental lesson to compensate for shortcomings in the intellectual sphere on this day. Accordingly, Friday is characterized by a new rise in the productive activity of the brain and is suitable for mental activities. Therefore, the correct choice for correction of intellectual deficiencies in children will be Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday. In the event that the baby, due to its characteristics, requires classes daily, simple game exercises should be carried out on Monday and Thursday.

Correction of shortcomings of the emotional-volitional sphere

Violations in the emotional-volitional sphere of preschoolers are no less common. This manifests itself in behavioral deviations, the inability to independently regulate their volitional impulses and control emotions. Such children are considered too active, restless, naughty, cocky, sometimes aggressive. Such a problem also requires the intervention of children's specialists, despite the fact that most parents deny obvious violations and refuse the help of a psychologist, believing that such manifestations resolve themselves over time. Unfortunately, without qualified help, they only get worse, turning over time into difficult to educate and deviant manifestations. Correctional and developmental classes for preschoolers with disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere are also held twice a week. In addition to specialists, efforts to correct behavioral manifestationsthe educators of the group are also sent, acting in accordance with the recommendations of the psychological service specialists.

Recommendations from Deviant Child Planners

For the correction of behavioral negative manifestations of intense mental stress is not required, therefore, correction of deviant behavior can be carried out on any day of the week, both in the first and second half of the day. The first corrective measures with such preschoolers will be individual lessons. A parallel effect is exerted by the teacher of the group in the team of kids, jointly adjusted actions accelerate the manifestation of positive dynamics. After conducting the necessary course of individual interactions between the psychologist and the child, the specialist decides when the child is ready to consolidate the acquired skills of self-control and self-regulation in a peer group. Further, a correctional and developmental lesson is planned taking into account work with a group of children, special attention is paid to the constructive socialization of a child with behavioral deviations. The joint work of the teacher with the psychologist continues until the child learns to regulate behavioral reactions on his own.

Taking into account age characteristics when planning corrective measures

The psychological characteristics of a child of a certain age category must be taken into account at the moment when a correctional and developmental lesson is plannedfor younger students and preschool children. The leading activity of kids of this age is play. Teachers must include game moments and elements in their classes. Corrective measures are also built according to this principle, while the lesson plan is drawn up in advance. Thematic planning involves the phased scheduling of classes with an indication of topics. The expected results of the corrective action are taken into account without fail; for this, reflection or feedback is planned at the end of the lesson.

Basic principles of sound planning

Given these requirements, the lesson plan for preschoolers will be drawn up according to the following principle:

• Greetings. Introduction.
• Game moment, summing up the main part of the lesson.
• Correctional or developmental exercises-games.
• Fixation, game moment.
• Reflection, feedback.

When planning a game moment, psychologists take into account the use of elements of art therapy, sand therapy, fairy tale therapy, since these psychotherapeutic techniques have long proven their effectiveness in working with preschool children. The correctional and developmental lesson, which includes elements of these methods, is quite effectively used by children's specialists to work with various pathologies.

Correctional work in elementary school

Unfortunately, not all shortcomings in the development of the child can bepromptly eliminate before the child enters school. Some children carry their problems from kindergarten to first grade. Therefore, school psychological service specialists, when faced with problem children, organize special support for them in cooperation with the class teacher. The figurative thinking of a primary school student disposes children to play activities, therefore the program of correctional and developmental classes is built taking into account these age characteristics. The principle of constructing separate classes will be approximately the same as classes for preschoolers, but with expanded opportunities for the child:

• Greetings. Introductory part, lesson topic message.
• Information message, game moment.
• Correctional game exercises.
• Reinforcement using psychotherapeutic techniques.
• Getting feedback.

The lesson plan for younger students may also include elements of art therapy, fairy tale therapy using multimedia technologies, color therapy.