Correction of dyslexia in younger students: exercises. Types of dyslexia and methods of correction

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

There are a large number of childhood diseases in the world. One of these diseases is dyslexia. How to treat this disease? She is being treated in Russia, and is being treated quite successfully. In order not to start this disease, you need to know its initial symptoms, and then figure out what kind of treatment is right for the child. This article will tell parents what kind of correction of dyslexia exists in younger students, exercises for correction will also be considered. And now about everything in order.

Dyslexia: what is it?

It will be good for new parents to know what this problem is all about. Dyslexia itself is a disease in which the child has difficulty perceiving numbers and letters.

The child is able to distinguish them, to know, but due to illness there are moments when he cannot understand their meaning.

When does the disease appear?

Answering the question: "Dyslexia, what is it?", - you need to figure out exactly when this disease manifests itself. It mostly occurs in children who have just started school. because ofdiseases, it is more difficult for children to perceive the information given by the teacher.

It is worth noting that the information that the student listens to and perceives by ear is absorbed by him many times better than what he takes from his textbooks. The child can change words in the text in places or perceive them as inverted, in addition, he can confuse numbers and letters. In this regard, students have low grades in school, poor academic performance in general. They are less active than their peers.

Dyslexia symptoms

Every parent needs to know the main symptoms of dyslexia in order to start treatment early. Also, these symptoms will help to figure out what type of illness the child has at the moment. So, the symptoms of dyslexia in medicine are as follows:

1. Disorganization.
2. Clumsiness and coordination problems.
3. Difficulties in receiving and processing information.
4. Various problems in learning words.
5. Misunderstanding the information that was read by the child in the text.

These are the main symptoms of the disease. But there are others. They are less noticeable, but also worth paying attention to.

Other symptoms of dyslexia

1. Despite poor reading skills, the child's intelligence is excellent.
2. There may be some problem with the child's vision.
3. Having difficulty writing, namely illegible handwriting.
4. Mistakes in writing or reading, namely omissions or rearrangement of letters.
5. Bad memory.

Varietiesdisease

In medicine, there are several varieties of disease. Doctors know them, but parents also need their understanding. So, the types of dyslexia are as follows:

1. Mnestic dyslexia. A distinctive feature of this type is that a child with this type of disease has difficulty working with letters: he does not understand which of the sounds corresponds to a particular letter.
2. Agrammatical dyslexia. This type is expressed in a change in case endings, the child has difficulty in declining the word in cases. In addition, he hardly changes words by gender. This type of dyslexia is most common in children with systemic speech underdevelopment.
3. Phonematic dyslexia. This kind of disease is expressed in the mixing of sounds by the child when listening to the words that are dictated to him. Basically, they include sounds that differ in one semantic distinguishing feature. In addition, the child reads words spell by letter, he can also rearrange syllables and letters.
4. Semantic dyslexia. This type is manifested in the fact that the child reads the text absolutely correctly, but his understanding is erroneous. When reading the text, words are perceived absolutely in isolation, then this leads to a loss of connection with other lexemes.
5. Optical dyslexia. This last type of dyslexia is expressed in learning difficulties, as well as mixing similar graphic letters.

Correction of dyslexia in younger students, exercises that are carried out withspecialists can help the child and his parents to cure the disease of any kind and any complexity.

Dyslexia: ways to correct it

Any disease must be treated. And it is better to start this process as early as possible. As mentioned above, the correction of dyslexia in younger students, exercises aimed at combating it, can help the child cope with this disease. But this is a rather complicated process. Unfortunately, correction of dyslexia is only within the power of Moscow. In other cities, the treatment of this disease is not performed. The technique for correcting dyslexia can take several forms. Next, we will talk about absolutely all the methods and exercises that currently exist in medicine.

Davis Method

Davis correction of dyslexia has become very popular in this area of treatment. Invented this method, as you can already understand by the name, the researcher Ronald Davies. He was very familiar with this disease, since he himself suffered from it in childhood. His technique has several stages, each of which plays an important role in the treatment of dyslexia. Thanks to them, the child gradually develops his thinking, memory and attention.

Many experts and parents have appreciated the positive effect of this method.

Steps of the Davis method

1. The very first step is comfort. The child should be in the comfort zone, without experiencing any inconvenience.
2. The next step is to work on coordination. This stage helps the child learn concepts such asright-left, top-bottom. To do this, you need a rubber ball, in the future you will need two of them. These balls are able to make pleasant sounds at the moment when they touch the child's hand.
3. Knowing symbols through modeling. The child is given plasticine, from which, together with the teacher, he must mold letters, numbers and various syllables. Thanks to this, the child learns symbols better, because he can touch them with his hands and even smell them.
4. The last and most important step is reading. It is divided into three segments. In the first, the child must learn to shift his gaze from left to right and recognize groups of letters. In the second, the ability to translate your gaze from left to right is consolidated. And the third segment - includes work on understanding the meaning of one sentence, and then the entire text.

Parental feedback on the Davis method

Reviews about this technique are mostly positive. Parents note the improvement in their children's performance in school, as well as their success in reading. They can take in 50 and some 60 pages a day. The student begins to write more legibly than before treatment. And the child himself becomes more active. It is easier to get it up early in the morning to school, although earlier, as many say, they managed to do it with great difficulty.

Of course, whether or not to use this technique is up to you, but the fact that it helps has already been confirmed by many parents whose children, unfortunately, are familiar with this disease.

Classes and exercises for the correction of dyslexia

In Moscow there isa huge number of centers that make it possible to attend a session with a speech therapist to correct dyslexia. It is these specialists who use the Davis method mentioned above. In addition, a speech therapist can advise parents on exactly those exercises that suit the child the most. Of course, a sufficient amount of money must be paid for these visits. The minimum price for one visit is 1500 rubles. In some clinics even more - 2300 rubles.

Of course, you can go the other way - to take care of the child yourself. To do this, there are a large number of different exercises that help to effectively deal with dyslexia. To begin with, we will consider the ways that speech therapists use in the fight against dyslexia.

Exercises that are done with speech therapists

Each doctor, before starting classes with a child, looks at what kind of dyslexia he has. This is because each type has its own specific methods. Below are exercises that relate to a particular type of dyslexia:

1. Exercises for phonemic dyslexia. Working with this view takes place in two stages. The first is to refine the articulation. In front of the mirror, the speech therapist shows the child how the tongue should be positioned, how to open the mouth when pronouncing a particular sound. When this stage is completed and the child understands the mechanics of pronunciation, the second stage begins. Its meaning lies in the comparison of various mixed sounds both in pronunciation and in listening. A task,placed in front of the child, gradually becomes more difficult.
2. Exercises for agrammatic dyslexia. Specialists solve this problem by compiling small and then longer sentences with the child. This helps him learn to change words by number, gender, and also by case.
3. Exercises for mnestic dyslexia. A speech therapist uses in his work with this type of disease objects that are as similar as possible to a letter. In this case, the model can make various sounds that will help the child understand which letter is meant.
4. Exercise for optical dyslexia. Here, the speech therapist sets the child the task of finding the necessary letter. It can hide in the drawing, it needs to be completed or added. Modeling from plasticine is also used, composing letters from counting sticks.
5. Exercises for semantic dyslexia. The task that the speech therapist faces in this situation is to help the child understand the meaning of this or that word. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the student understands the meaning of the text read. Understanding it is done through pictures or any questions about it.

A large list of species has the disease. Correction of dyslexia in younger students, exercises are closely related to these types. After all, thanks to them, experts know which methods to use.

Correction of dysgraphia and dyslexia of younger students: exercises

So, it's time to talk about exercises that help in the fight against dyslexia. They are effective, and if practicedchild every day, you can achieve good results:

1. Patters. Yes, their pronunciation helps a child a lot. The fact is that tongue twisters themselves are a sequence of similar-sounding words. Thanks to this, the child can feel the difference. You can also try reading words in reverse order.
2. Pronunciation of various sounds. Parents should explain to the child that he must pronounce consonants first, and then vowels in absolutely any order. And you need to do it on the exhale. After a while, it is necessary to mix vowels and consonants.
3. Gymnastics for articulation. Various breathing exercises are performed. They are a warm-up before correcting dyslexia.
4. Rubber ball. Here it is necessary to teach the child to read in syllables. The ball is needed so that when the child pronounces a syllable, he squeezes it with all fingers.
5. Exercise "Tug". Its meaning lies in the fact that one of the parents should read the text with the child. First, the baby and the adult read aloud together, and then each to himself. It is important to remember that parents must adjust to the speed of the child's reading, because. he may not be able to keep up with the adults.
6. The last exercise is multiple reading of the text. The child is given a passage, and for a minute he reads it. When a minute passes, a mark is placed at the place where the child stopped. Then, after a short period of time, he must again read the same piece. Parents, in turn, should monitor the dynamics of reading,more or less this time the kid understood. It is important to remember that you need to read the text many times a day, but with breaks.

These exercises can and should be done at home every day. There will be no instant results, but developmental improvements will become increasingly apparent over time.

Result

Correction of dyslexia in younger students, exercises to combat it are widely practiced in various countries of the world. Unfortunately, there are quite a few special institutions in Russia.

Prices for speech therapist services are relatively low. Therefore, it is possible and necessary to treat a child in Russia. The result will be and it will be fixed forever. Thanks to special exercises, the activity of the child will increase, as well as his performance in school will improve. Dyslexia is a disease that can be cured.