Children's folklore. Poems, rhymes, teasers, pranks, riddles

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

A little man gets acquainted with folklore from early childhood. From the first months of life, the baby hears the gentle voice of the mother, catches his intonation, learns to distinguish between moods. The dearest person in the world sings lullabies to the baby, and through them the baby feels the love and care with which mommy tenderly addresses him. Growing older, the child learns funny poems by heart, memorizes riddles and counting rhymes. All this forms him as a personality, helps to develop: there is a training of memory, thinking, imagination, attention and speech.

Children's folklore is an integral part of the life of every little man. Without it, the formation of the child as a person does not occur, the development of the emotional sphere becomes impossible. After all, when a mother sings a lullaby to her baby, he emotionally reacts to it: he calms down, feels comfort and satisfaction. Outdoor games develop the physical activity of the child, help him to join the team of peers, to become part of it. Riddles contribute to the development of intellectual abilities.

The genres of children's folklore are known to all: all kinds of riddles,pestles, chants, counting rhymes, nursery rhymes … Their knowledge often becomes a kind of "pass" to the children's team: children often tell each other different horror stories, teasers, counting rhymes. That is why a child who does not attend kindergarten, but is brought up at home, may not know what children pass on to each other, and in the future it becomes difficult for him to adapt to his peers. Folklore in kindergarten is its own, special reality, necessary for the full growth and development of the crumbs.

Lullabies

Lullaby is the first genre of folklore that a child is introduced to upon coming into this world. The kid still does not know how to speak, understand the surrounding reality, but through a lullaby he becomes involved in this world. The mother's voice is sweet and gentle. She tremblingly caresses her baby on the head.

Never after will he experience such absolute love for himself as in early infancy, when he is loved not for some merit, but for himself, simply because he is. That's what children's folklore is capable of. Lullabies lull the baby to sleep, give a feeling of perfect peace, joy, happiness, and tranquility. The kid grows up happy, often smiles, he has rainbow dreams.

Examples of baby lullabies:

Lyuli, luli cradles

The ghouls have arrived, The ghouls have sat on the bed, The ghouls have begun to coo, The ghouls have begun to coo, They began to rock Dasha, They began to rock Dasha, Dasha began to fall asleep.

Sleep sonmy sleep

Lyuli, lyushenki, lyuli…

Soon the night will pass, The red sun will rise., The spring garden will bloom, Free bird will sing.

Bayu-bayu-bayushki, Yes, bunnies came running, Luli-lyuli-lyulushki, Yes, gulyushki arrived.

Ghouls began to roam,Yes, my dear began to fall asleep.

Petushki

The meaning of the word "pestushka" comes from "nurture", "educate". A mother who sings pestle to her baby performs various actions, shows where the baby has a leg, where the pen is, and in fact quietly teaches him to understand the signals of the outside world. Feeling the gentle touch of mother's hands, the child simultaneously receives both the emotional component of interaction, and the spiritual, and informational. The more mother pays attention to the baby, the better for his development, the sooner he will remember that the legs are needed to “stomp along the path”, and you can clap your hands loudly with your hands. Examples of children's folklore in the pestle genre can be found in any children's books aimed at ages from a few months to one and a half to two years.

Rhymes

Rhymes are known as a genre where an elementary game situation is created and some simple activity is played. The purpose of nursery rhymes is to amuse, to get a response from the child.

For example, when they play "patty" with the baby, then the crumbs are required to perform simple actions - claps. In addition, atthe child's mood is sure to rise, he laughs merrily. All these joyful emotions are brought by folklore. In kindergarten, nursery rhymes can be used as entertaining and educational activities, for example, after naps, when you need to cheer up the kids. Rhymes are intended for children from one and a half to three years old.

Examples of nursery rhymes:

Comes, the cockerel is coming, Side cap, Red beard, Bone head, He gets up early

And others to sleep does not give, Sits on fences, Screams the most.

Cockerel, cockerel, Golden comb!

Sleep on straw,Woke up early, Went for some water, Found the little girl, The little girl is good

Gave her boots.

He didn't have time to take them down, As others began to ask.

At the market early in the morning

I bought a ram bagels:

For lambs, for lambs

TEN poppy rings, NINE dryers, EIGHT buns, SEVEN cakes, SIX cheesecakes, FIVE shortcakes, FOUR donuts, THREE cakes, TWO gingerbreads

And I bought ONE kalach –

I didn’t forget about myself!And for my wife – sunflowers.

The turnip danced with poppy seeds, And the parsley with parsnips, Corn with garlic, Our Tanya with the Cossack.

But the carrot didn't want to Dance, dance, Because I couldn't

Dance, dance.

Children's games

Children's folklore is quite diverse. Many do not know that outdoor children's games can also be attributed to it. Round dances, dances, dances are all an integral part of the Russianfolk art. As a rule, games involve a large gathering of children and are acceptable only in a children's team. Look, watch the kids, with what enthusiasm they play with each other!

Outdoor games often involve doing all sorts of sports exercises. Children willingly compete with each other in running, long and high jumps, dancing. If you find the right approach to these activities and organize everything well, then children's folklore in the genre of games becomes quite an interesting and useful enterprise.

Teasers & Teddies

What kid has never heard a rhyme like "Greedy Beef"? As soon as the baby enters kindergarten, a whole bunch of various expressions and teasers fall upon him. Often they are used by children to the place and not to the place, only by chance. However, all this is children's folklore. Teasers teach social communication, and they should not be banned, and even more so - children should be punished for this. If they are not allowed to wear undershirts, the children will still come up with something of their own.

Oddly enough, these rhymes help to feel like a socially significant person. It is much easier for a child to communicate with peers if he knows children's folklore. Teasers play the role of a kind of determinant that allows you to understand how much the baby is in the team, knows how to get along in it and understands the laws of its existence. Thus, even the smallest child, being in an unfamiliar group, will quickly figure out what's what.

Riddles

Russian children's folklore would not be so rich if there were no riddles among all its diversity. What could be more entertaining and unusual than solving rhyming (and sometimes not so) metaphorical expressions? Children are very fond of unusual and beautiful puzzles dedicated to animals, nature, household items. That's how entertaining children's folklore can be! Riddles are invented by the children themselves, based on their own ideas about life and calling for help from a rich imagination. It is worth saying that children very quickly memorize the texts of various allegorical descriptions and deftly insert them if necessary.

Comic riddles are especially popular among children: they ask such "tricky" questions to each other with particular interest. Those who cannot answer must guess two or three more similar statements. This is the most intellectual type of oral folk art, representing children's folklore. Riddles are also common on the playground among peers, they are found in the classroom in kindergarten. First of all, these miniatures develop attention, memory, stimulate the imagination, the ability to think in an extraordinary way, to be creative in solving a problem. Examples of children's folklore confirm this. Judge for yourself:

Drink milk, tea, juice (mug) from it.

This item helps people negotiate when they can't see each other (phone).

This item is needed in order to draw beautiful inscriptions on paper (pencil, pen).

Riddlehelps to learn new things, to learn something. For example:

Can't speak herself, but talks a lot (book).

What do you call a person who likes to mess around? (lazy).

Orange and ripe, all the guys are happy (orange).

A cloud is crying, and its tears are watering the earth (rain).

Hanging pear - you can not eat (light bulb, chandelier, lamp).

Guards the house, keeps strangers out (dog).

Like our friend has claws-scratches, who is he? (kitten)

Scare stories

Perhaps this is the most interesting topic among both younger students and teenagers. It is known that children often like to scare their peers with incredible mysterious stories, after which it is scary to fall asleep.

This is very funny and fun. Someone tells a story that makes their hands go cold and everything freezes inside, while everyone else listens and then, for a long time after the end of the story, “digest” what they heard. Children's folklore, manifested in the form of horror stories, is incredibly popular. The most interesting thing is that children always enjoy hearing such stories, even if they cause them fear.

Examples of children's horror stories:

1. Forest monster

A terrible monster appeared in one forest, which everyone was afraid of. Whether a mouse accidentally slips in the forest or a gray hare runs through, a huge monster will definitely eat it. The big trouble was that no one had ever seen this monster, and if he met withhim nose to nose, he never returned alive. It got to the point that the forest dwellers were afraid to stick their nose out of their houses - this monster scared them so much. Aren't you afraid that the monster will suddenly come out of the forest and head into the city? Then you will be in danger! The guys, of course, are cowardly: who wants to fall into the clutches of a forest monster? They don’t leave the house once again, they look around on the way to school: what if a forest monster sneaks behind them? The monster was never caught, or maybe it never existed?

2. Cannibal cat

Once upon a time there was a cat in the world who loved to feast on people. He was huge, just gigantic in size, and therefore he could swallow a whole elephant, not like a man. People, having heard about this vicious animal, began to be afraid to go out late in the evening and at night, since it attacked only at this time. Most often, such cases were observed on the full moon or shortly before its onset. At other times, no one heard anything about a giant cat. His whereabouts were not known either. The police were looking for the cat, various daredevils hunted him, but they failed to catch the "monster". It was even said that the devil himself turns into a cat to do evil. Can you imagine what it's like to walk the streets and not be sure that you will return home alive today? Mothers began to hide their children, husbands and fathers armed themselves with pitchforks and one day went into the forest. They wanted to stand up for their families, whom the cannibal cat intended to destroy. For a long time they tried to find a vile animal, but it was not easy. The whole point is thatthe cannibal cat was extremely cunning and deftly knew how to disguise himself: as soon as they approached him, he became invisible. The men challenged him to fight, he hid and pretended that he was not there. They called him a coward and a scoundrel - the cat did not react in any way. And once this happened: an ordinary gray cat with dark marks on his chest somehow entered one of the houses and stole a piece of bacon from the hostess. When he was caught, he suddenly vanished into thin air and disappeared. It must have been the cannibal cat…

Poems

Children's poems also have many fans. Such wonderful children's authors as Agniya Barto, Samuil Marshak, Korney Chukovsky, Sergey Mikhalkov are known to everyone. Their works are loved by the whole world and know by heart. Children easily remember funny rhyming lines that bring a smile and a good mood. Memorizing poetry trains brain activity, develops memory, thinking, imagination, attention and speech. Small genres of children's folklore are especially loved by children.

Examples of nursery rhymes:

THINK, THINK…

This is Vovka, what an eccentric!

He sits gloomy, He repeats to himself like this:

"Think, Vovka, think!"

He will climb to the attic

Or rushing, here's an eccentric, To the far corner of the garden;

He repeats to himself like this:

"Think, you need to think!"

He believes that from thoughts

His mind grows masculine.

And Marusya, she is five years old, Asks Vovka for advice

And say: what time The mind is getting smarter?

Mom is sleeping, she's tired…

Well, I don't play

I don't start the top, But I sat down and sit.

My toys don't make noise, Quiet in the empty room. pillow

The beam is stealing golden.

And I said to the beam:

– I also want to move!

I would like a lot:

Read aloud and the ball roll, I would sing a song, I could laugh, Yes, you never know what I want!

But my mother is sleeping, and I am silent. The beam darted along the wall, And then slid towards me.

– Nothing, he seemed to whisper, –

Let's sit in silence!..

Songs

Children's songs are often heard in kindergarten classes. Various rhythmic movements are performed to the music: dances, games, etc. All this also belongs to the category "children's folklore".

Songs are performed to a variety of music and on a variety of topics. Basically, the theme of folk art prevails. Children's folklore is especially popular. Russian songs are learned even with three-year-old children, since their lyrics are very easy to remember.

Counting Rooms

Counting games help kids prioritize different games. It has been noticed that instead of simply agreeing among themselves who follows whom, for some reason the children prefer to reckon. A short poem, endowed with dynamism and of considerable interest, usually acts as a rhyme. Perhaps it is this approach that sometimes allows them to avoid unnecessary disputes and disagreements, which often lead to quarrels within the children's team. These rhymes also represent children'sfolklore. Rhymes are remarkable in that they help to decide on the choice of the game in advance and not waste time on disputes, which is very important for maintaining the internal microclimate. In addition, these are just funny works of oral folk art, easy to remember, funny, kind. Thus, children's folklore is very useful. Rhythms are the best suited for any game. And just try to discourage kids from using this wonderful tool! Not only will they all quarrel in five minutes, but they will also spoil the mood of everyone who is currently nearby.

Examples of children's counting rhymes:

Hush, mice, the cat is on the roof, and the kittens are even higher.

The cat went for milk, and the kittens turned somersault.

The cat came without milk, and kittens ha ha ha.

One, two, three, four, five, We learned how to count.

Well, then we don't know, Maybe we can count together?

Six - we love to eat sweets, Seven - we help everyone, Eight - we will not leave friends in trouble.

Nine - we learn from five,Ten - finished counting.

Horses, horses, horses, horses, We were sitting on the balcony.

Drank tea, beat cups, Speaked Turkish.

Once upon a time at the vest

Three loops and two cuffs.

If you count them together, Three and two, of course, five!

Only do you know what the secret is?The vest has no cuffs!

Thus, children's folklore is of great importance in the context of Russian oral folk art. Studying this layer of culture is a must.necessary, because children are great inventors and masters of inventing funny mysterious stories. With the outward similarity of creative products, they all turn out to be unique and unrepeatable in their essence.

Children, studying all kinds of riddles, counting rhymes, poems, songs, taking part in outdoor and intellectual games, receive a useful lesson for the future. Children's folklore develops creative thinking, teaches to analyze, reflect, treat the sounding word with the greatest attention, love and protect nature. Folklorists specially travel around the villages and collect material for their practical research.

Finally, we add that the genres of children's folklore are not limited to the works listed in this article. There are also jokes, sentences, all kinds of chants and yells. All these directions only emphasize the beauty and diversity of oral folk art.