Temperature and diarrhea in a child 2 years old: possible causes, first aid and treatment

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Temperature and diarrhea in a 2-year-old child is a dangerous combination of symptoms. Diarrhea in babies in the first years of life can lead to severe dehydration. Therefore, parents absolutely cannot self-medicate. Timely assistance will make it possible to save the life of a child.

If a two-year-old child has a fever and diarrhea, this may indicate various pathological processes in the body. Consider the most common options.

Dysbacteriosis

In a he althy two-year-old child, the intestinal microflora is 85% represented by bifidobacteria. If the composition of the flora changes, dysbacteriosis develops. The pathological process is manifested by belching, abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhea. Statistics show that this disorder occurs in 25% of patients under three years of age.

The reasons that lead to the development of dysbacteriosis in babies are very diverse. Violation of the intestinal microflora in a child can beassociated with complications of pregnancy in the mother. The risk of developing pathology increases if a woman eats improperly during gestation and does not give up smoking. Dysbacteriosis often develops in premature babies.

Acquired dysbacteriosis in children of two years old can develop against the background of poor nutrition, as well as long-term treatment with antibacterial drugs.

What to do?

If a child is diagnosed with dysbacteriosis, first of all, parents should pay attention to nutrition. Dairy products must be included in the diet. Consumption of animal proteins, sugar, fast carbohydrates must be limited. With complicated dysbacteriosis, when there is a temperature and diarrhea in a child of 2 years old, it is not possible to do without medicines. Probiotics help to normalize the intestinal flora. If such therapy is ineffective, antibacterial drugs from the group of macrolides, cephalosporins may be prescribed.

In rare cases, children are diagnosed with candida dysbacteriosis. Treatment is with antifungal drugs. Often sick babies are shown vitamin therapy and spa treatment.

Prevention of dysbacteriosis in a child, a woman should pay attention even at the stage of pregnancy. It is necessary to eat right, avoid stressful situations, fully relax. It will be possible to avoid problems with the intestines with early attachment of the newborn to the breast.

Parasites in a child

Temperature, diarrhea and vomiting in a 2-year-old child may be associated with the development of a parasitic disease. One of the most common helminthic infections in babies is ascariasis. The pathological process develops due to the ingestion of eggs of roundworms. Infection is carried out by the fecal-oral route by swallowing roundworm eggs. The greatest risk of infection occurs in summer and autumn. The disease provokes a lack of high-quality hygiene. After contact with the ground or plants, children put their hands in their mouths and swallow parasite eggs.

At the initial stage, ascariasis can occur without symptoms. Temperature, diarrhea, vomiting in a 2-year-old child - all these signs indicate that a large number of parasites are present in the body. In addition, symptoms such as chest pain, dry cough, allergic reactions (itching and skin rashes) may occur.

Enterobiosis is another common helminthic disease. The pathological process is caused by small roundworms that enter the body and multiply in the intestines. The main manifestations of the pathological process are diarrhea, itching of the perineum, abdominal pain.

How to get rid of parasites

When detecting worms in a child, anthelmintic drugs (Nemozol, Veromox, Pirantel) are primarily used. The dosage is determined by the doctor in accordance with the form and stage of the disease. Treatment should be carried out not only for the child, but also for relatives in contact with him.

The condition for the successful removal of helminths from the body are proper nutrition and personal hygiene. During therapy, the baby needs dailychange underwear and bed linen. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating and after going to the toilet.

Food poisoning

If your child has diarrhea, fever, and stomach pain, these symptoms may indicate food poisoning. The pathological process is caused by the use of low-quality products. Unpleasant symptoms are caused by toxins released by pathogens. Poisoning can also be caused by poisonous plants or fungi.

Due to the rapid multiplication of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract, inflammation and intoxication develop. In addition to abdominal pain, the baby may experience severe vomiting. This condition threatens with dehydration, the child should be assisted immediately.

The most dangerous is mushroom poisoning. The first symptoms appear within 30-40 minutes after ingestion of the product. The kid becomes whiny, his coordination of movements is disturbed. The life of a little patient depends on correctly rendered first aid.

Help for food poisoning

High fever and diarrhea in a child are symptoms that require an ambulance to be called. Even before the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to try to compensate for the fluid and s alt lost by the body. A two-year-old child should be given a teaspoon of clean water every 5-10 minutes. S alt balance will help restore the drug "Regidron".

In a medical institution, a small patient undergoes gastric lavage, is prescribedenterosorbents ("Microsorb", "Smekta", "Activated carbon"). A he althy diet is of great importance. After alleviating the condition, the child can be given rice porridge or mashed potatoes cooked in water, a boiled egg, and biscuits. It is also necessary to observe the drinking regimen. Tea, dried fruit compote, plain boiled water will help restore the condition of the gastrointestinal tract after poisoning.

Special attention should be paid to prevention. The baby needs to wash his hands thoroughly before eating, give him only high-quality products that are stored in the refrigerator for no more than two days.

Acetonomic Syndrome

If symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, vomiting in a child are observed, the cause may be associated with the development of acetone syndrome. Pathology is caused by a violation of metabolic processes in the baby's body and the accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. The pathological process is manifested by repeated vomiting, diarrhea, a specific smell of acetone from the mouth. 5% of children aged 1 to 12 years are prone to developing such a disease.

Acetonomic syndrome may be the result of diabetes mellitus, brain tumors, toxic liver damage. The pathological process often develops against the background of prolonged fasting. If there is diarrhea and a temperature of 38 in a child, it is absolutely impossible to self-medicate. The little patient's condition may worsen.

Treatment tactics

If the child has diarrhea and fever, treatment should not be delayed. Babies with acetone syndrome are subject tohospitalizations. A dietary adjustment is required. Nutrition should be based on quickly digestible carbohydrates and plentiful fractional drinking. It is necessary to completely abandon the fats of animal origin. To neutralize part of the ketone bodies, enemas are performed with a solution of sodium bicarbonate. If there is a pronounced dehydration of the body, infusion therapy is performed. A 5% glucose solution is injected using a dropper.

Symptomatic therapy includes the use of antispasmodics, antiemetics, sedatives. If the therapy is performed correctly, it is possible to stop the acetonomic crisis in 3-5 days.

A child who has already had acetonomic syndrome once is shown preventive courses of multivitamins. To control ketone bodies in the body, you can independently examine the child's urine using special test strips (available at any pharmacy).

Rotavirus infection

Temperature and diarrhea in a 2-year-old child - it is with these symptoms that rotavirus infection most often begins. This is an acute disease that occurs mainly with damage to the gastrointestinal tract. The pathological process can develop at any age. But more often, unpleasant symptoms are observed in children under 3 years old, who strive to “taste” everything. Rotavirus is a disease of dirty hands.

The incubation period of infection can last from several hours to 5 days. Symptoms are usuallyis developing rapidly. The baby becomes lethargic, drowsy, there may be a violation of coordination of movements. Within a few hours, the child develops a fever, severe vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Rotavirus infection is characterized by profuse yellow or green frothy stools. The frequency of bowel movements can reach 20 times a day. The risk of dehydration increases.

Treatment of rotavirus infection in children

If vomiting, fever and diarrhea are observed in a child, only a qualified specialist can tell you how to treat the disease correctly. When the described symptoms appear, you need to call an ambulance. Babies with severe rotavirus infection (repeated vomiting and diarrhea) need to be hospitalized.

Treatment is aimed at restoring the water-s alt balance in the body, normalizing the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Rehydration therapy is required. The drug "Regidron" can be used. Additionally, antispasmodics and antipyretics are prescribed. Enterosorbents ("Enterosgel", "Atoxil", "Activated carbon") help to speed up the process of removing toxins from the body. Probiotics (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria) help restore the intestinal microflora.

Prognosis for rotavirus infection is generally good. The sooner parents seek qualified help, the sooner the child's condition will be alleviated. Improper therapy at home can lead to dehydration of the baby's body, and this isfraught with death.

Meningitis

When a 2 year old has diarrhea and fever, many parents treat the intestinal infection first. In this case, correct diagnosis is of great importance. After all, the described symptoms can develop with other diseases. One of the most dangerous is meningitis. This is an infectious-inflammatory process that affects the meninges. At the initial stage of the disease, the child develops symptoms of general intoxication of the body, then vomiting and diarrhea appear. A small patient refuses to eat and drink, he has tachycardia.

Meningitis in children can be caused by various pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi). A sick person is a potential source of infection. Pathogenic microflora is transmitted by airborne or household routes.

Suspicion of meningitis in a child is an absolute indication for hospitalization. The child is shown bed rest and absolute rest. The method of therapy is selected in accordance with the type of pathogen. Antibiotics or antiviral drugs are prescribed. To remove toxins from the body, a drip of glucose-s alt solutions is performed.

Conclusion

Symptoms such as fever and diarrhea in a 2-year-old child can appear with various pathological processes. It is important to understand that such a condition is fraught with dehydration of the child's body. It is absolutely impossible to self-medicate. Only a qualified specialist will prescribe the correct therapy.