Tempering procedures in kindergarten. Basic principles and methods of hardening children

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Children are the most precious thing in this world. And to raise a he althy person is not only the task of parents, but also important for the state as a whole. Protecting the weak body of a baby, who was brought up for a certain time in a warm home climate, in practically greenhouse conditions, from bacteria and other microorganisms present in the children's team is not an easy task for a preschool teacher. And to cope with such an important task is possible only with the help of hardening the kids. How to carry out hardening procedures in kindergarten correctly? What types can be used? We will talk about this in detail in this article.

Basic principles of hardening kids in kindergarten

From the time of the appearance of people on the planet and to the present time, the simplest and most natural gifts of nature - the sun, air and water - remain the most effective hardening agents. It is these three main elements that help the body adapt tovarious living conditions. In order for a person to grow up strong and he althy, ready to resist various diseases and be able to cope with infections, including his personal defenses, his body must be trained and adapted to the most contrasting weather conditions. It is this problem that systematic hardening solves, orienting educators to help children increase the level of body resistance and adapt it to changing climate and temperature conditions. And for this, there are different types of hardening of children recommended by the methodological materials of children's institutions. Every teacher should know about them.

Conscious hardening occurs according to a certain system that is able to quickly adapt the child to adverse weather conditions without harming his body and in the most comfortable way adapting the baby's he alth to the unpredictable influence of the external environment. Hardening involves cultivating in the individual the greatest resistance to weather changes, resistance to disease and natural surprises. In order for this process to take place with the highest efficiency, the beginning of the hardening of the child should occur from a very young age and be systematic. Otherwise, the results will be reset very quickly.

Everyone knows and has been repeatedly proven in practice that children who have been hardened are much less sick and more active in life, they have a stronger psyche and an even, calm character. If hardening procedures are practiced in kindergarten, then the child easily beginsdo whatever is required for hardening. And since all the children around him do this, the baby does not have the thought of evading these useful activities. On the contrary, procedures adapted to children's perception are perfectly accepted by a small person, and he even strives to perform them at home.

Basic principles and methods of hardening children are applied in preschool institutions, which were specially designed for toddlers. These are such global principles as the systematic nature of classes, the gradual introduction of children into the schedule and maximum attention to the individual characteristics of each child. If these principles are violated, the entire system will collapse and tempering, carried out episodically, will not bring any benefit to the body. The main goal of tempering procedures in kindergarten is not to harm the fragile child's body with too high requirements, but to accustom them gradually and gradually, in the form of a game.

Main types of procedures for children

Traditional types of hardening of children in preschool institutions include:

• reception of children in the morning on the street, in the fresh air;
• gymnastics;
• he althy outdoor walks;
• simply taking air baths or with simultaneous exercise;
• sleep with open windows or in ventilated rooms;
• washing, washing hands and rinsing mouth after brushing teeth with cool water;
• walking barefoot in the group room;
• walking barefoot on the pathhe alth;
• sunbathing.

Approximate conditions for procedures with children under 7 years old

In order to properly carry out hardening procedures in kindergarten, it is necessary to understand what conditions can be most favorable for hardening babies. Here is an approximate scheme for hardening preschoolers aged two to seven years:

• the child should be in a room where the air temperature is not higher than 18-20 degrees;
• air bathing - for 10-15 minutes. In this case, the baby should be dressed only in panties and a sleeveless T-shirt. A child in socks or slippers on bare feet runs and plays outdoor games in the group room. Everyone does light gymnastics for a while - about 6-7 minutes;
• washing - gradually reduce the temperature of the water from a comfortable 28 degrees to cooler: in summer - 18 degrees and in winter - 20 degrees. The temperature drops throughout the year. With this water, children under 3 years old are recommended to wash their face, neck and arms - up to the elbow, with the same ones that are older than 3 years old - also the upper part of the chest, as well as arms to the shoulders. For three-year-olds, hardening also begins at 28 degrees. Throughout the year, the water temperature is reduced to 16 degrees in summer and up to eighteen in winter;
• day nap. It must be held in the warm season with open windows, and in the cold - in a pre-ventilated room at 15-16 degrees;
• sleep without T-shirts - all the time, but if the room temperature is lowerpermissible, wear warm socks and cover with two blankets; temperature minimum - 14 degrees;
• outdoor walks twice a day, if the air temperature is not below 15 degrees. The duration of the walk should be at least 1-1.5 hours, preferably a few (2-3) hours;
• sun-air baths in summer 5-10 minutes several (2-3) times a day. At the same time, you can walk in the fresh air for an unlimited amount of time;
• gargling and mouthwash for children of the younger preschool group - from two to four years. Boiled water, cooled to room temperature, with chamomile or sage - in the morning and in the evening.

Features of the procedures. Three groups of children

Hardening is the most effective way to increase the child's body resistance to temperature fluctuations and develop strong immunity to colds. That is why the hardening of children in the preschool educational institution is carried out by a group, and not by an individual method. The hardening process involves widely available environmental factors such as air, water and sun. The process itself is carried out according to specially developed methods by a qualified educator together with a medical worker. To make it as comfortable for children to engage in hardening in accordance with their individual characteristics, they are divided into hardening groups in kindergarten.

Three main groups are formed according to the he alth of babies:

• he althy children who can fully engage in hardeningno procedure limitation;
• children who are often ill, prone to colds, who are treated under milder and more gentle conditions;
• children with chronic and acute diseases of the heart, gastrointestinal tract and other diseases in which hardening is not recommended.

In the process of training the body, a special set of hardening procedures in kindergarten is used, recommended for working with a particular age group. Here it is important to clearly adhere to the basic principle - to influence the training factors on the body gradually and unobtrusively. At the same time, training exercises should constantly increase in strength and execution time in order to ensure the correct hardening of children in preschool.

Features of the procedures. Rules

When organizing hardening in a children's educational institution, the following rules must be followed:

• hardening procedures should be carried out on an ongoing and regular basis. With an unsystematic approach to hardening the body, he does not have time to develop the necessary protective reactions;
• you can not harden the body and in reserve, in excess of the established standards, as well as stop classes during the cold winter season. In this case, the reactions to the cold developed in the body will very soon come to naught, and the child will again be at risk of catching a cold. It is on the principle of consistency that hardening procedures in kindergarten are built, because children spend most of their time there and can fit into the existing system;
• gradual in increasing the intensity of procedures toois very important, especially for babies, whose organisms are still defenseless to the influence of the environment. Changes in the conditions of stay gradually help to comfortably adapt the body to not very favorable conditions;
• taking into account the individual characteristics of the body and age categories for the correct distribution of the intensity of procedures.

The entire system of hardening children, recommended for use in preschool children's institutions, is based on the implementation of these rules.

Air hardening in kindergarten

Each technique for carrying out procedures provides for different types of hardening of children of certain age groups and the degree of pain. The simplest procedures are usually the most effective. For their implementation, the child does not require any extra effort. On the contrary, the simplest actions are perfectly assimilated by babies, and they continue to perform these simple procedures at home on weekends and holidays.

In this regard, qualified advice for parents on hardening children at home will be useful. It is necessary to explain to them the importance of the gradual accumulation of strength by the body to withstand adverse weather conditions, as well as the regularity of the procedures. Parents are told not to discourage their children and for their part to monitor the continuity of the hardening system.

The first and most accessible procedure is air hardening. Every children's institution has such an opportunity, it is also available at home.conditions. Hardening should begin with good ventilation so that the internal temperature drops by at least 1 degree. In the cold season, the room must be ventilated several times a day, and in the warm season - constantly. Air baths are the most pleasant and easy of all treatments.

When hardening, you should first expose the child's arms and legs only. At the same time, it is good if morning exercises for children are carried out to the music, so the baby will not freeze, and will sufficiently harden the open parts of the body. After some time, you can move on to general air baths, when the child's body is as naked as possible. The duration of this procedure is 5-8 minutes in the final phase and should increase very gradually. The air temperature should decrease every 2-3 days by a couple of degrees. You should start from 21-22 degrees, eventually reaching 16-18 degrees. Be aware that children with allergic reactions are more susceptible to cooling.

Hardening water in a preschool educational institution

Hardening with water is the most difficult and least comfortable way, requiring a certain mood of the child and some effort on himself. Here it is necessary to interest the baby in something, so that he would like to engage in water procedures. The softest water procedure is a wet wiping, which at first should not last very long - quickly wipe with a damp towel and immediately rub the skin well until he althy redness appears with a dry and soft towel. Rubdown firstis carried out only with the hands and feet of the child, and only after a while you can start wiping the whole body.

In addition to general rubdown, you can also apply douche. Only at the same time you need to know how to pour cold water on children correctly. You can start by dousing your legs, at first wetting only the feet and lower leg to half. The temperature in the room should not be below 20 degrees. Then you can carry out pouring over hands and feet, preferably in a playful way (games using water). Such procedures are indicated for children from the age of one and a half years. For such a baby, they first begin to wash the legs with warm water, after four to five days lowering the temperature by 1 degree, bringing it to 22 degrees for babies up to three years old, and for older ones, 18 degrees is enough. Foot baths should not be long - one to three minutes is enough. At the same time, the baby's legs should be warm, since dousing cold feet does not give the desired effect.

Features of the procedure for dousing babies in a preschool educational institution

An even more difficult stage of hardening is pouring or showering. When dousing, the temperature in the room for children of different ages should be different:

• up to two years - not lower than 22 degrees with a water temperature of 26-28 degrees at the end point of hardening;
• from two to four years - not below 20 degrees with a water temperature of 24 degrees;
• from four to seven years - not below 18 degrees with a water temperature of 22 degrees.

At the same time, an adult waters his shoulders from a watering can,baby's chest and back. This will require 1.5-2 liters of water, and this procedure lasts from 15 seconds to 35-40. Then you need to rub the body with a soft towel.

Sun-hardening kids in a preschool educational institution

Sun hardening is carried out during a walk, and each sun bath lasts from 2-3 minutes to ten minutes in one procedure. At the same time, it is very important to prevent overheating of the body, so you should carefully monitor the children during this procedure for them. The teacher should alternate the time spent in the sun and in the shade so that the delicate skin of the baby does not get burned. But to make sunbathing more useful and safer in the morning, when the sun is not yet very hot and the child's stay on it is comfortable for him.

Walking barefoot is another method of hardening kids in a preschool educational institution

The easiest and most affordable way to harden is walking barefoot. To strengthen the body's defenses, the child should walk barefoot around the room for 15-30 minutes in the morning and the same amount in the evening. In the morning, barefoot walking and exercise for children to the music can be combined - and the children are pleased, and they do not have to spend time separately on each of the procedures. Every day, the time of walking barefoot becomes longer by 10 minutes and is gradually brought up to 60 minutes. Walking without shoes on fine gravel or hard ground gives very good results. The skin on the foot becomes rougher and less irritable to cold road or indoor surfaces.

Walking barefoot helps not only harden the legs, but also strengthen the arch of the foot, as well as the leg ligaments. You can start hardening when the coating temperature is not lower than 18 degrees. To begin with, this should be done in socks for about 4-5 days, then for 3-4 minutes with bare feet. Each day, the treatment time increases by 1 minute until it reaches 20-25 minutes.

S alt hardening in a preschool educational institution

S alt hardening is necessary for children at preschool age and should be carried out under the supervision of a teacher. Immediately after midday sleep, the child should walk with bare feet on a soft flannel rug, which is slightly moistened with a 10% solution of kitchen table s alt. You need to walk on a s alty rug for two minutes, then go to another rug - dry, on which the legs are thoroughly wiped. Before the procedure, the foot must be warmed up with a foot massager or by walking along special stick or button tracks.

Small conclusion

In our material, we talked about the benefits of hardening for preschool children. We also gave an approximate scheme for carrying out the procedures and the features of the methods used for this. It is important to remember that the strength of hardening is in its systematic nature. Therefore, interruptions in the adoption of procedures by the child should not be allowed. We hope that the article was interesting and useful for you.