The threat of miscarriage during pregnancy: the first signs

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 12:45

Miscarriage is a very heavy burden, which in 20% of cases leads to the refusal of the birth of the next children. Women who have experienced a miscarriage or a threatened miscarriage (especially at a later date) cannot recover either mentally or physically for a long time. They blame themselves for the tragedy. However, in fact, they are not to blame, but low awareness of the rules for the course of pregnancy is normal and the first signs of serious problems.

How is a normal pregnancy?

The normal course of pregnancy from the first to the last trimester is characterized by a stable weight gain, the absence of toxicosis (its early manifestations with attenuation), the absence of discharge and pain until the last week before the birth of the child.

Urine, blood and ultrasound tests should also indicate a favorable pregnancy outcome. There should be no signs of blood pressure disturbances, intrauterine changes or sharp jumps in general anthropometric indicators.

It can be said that the entire pregnancy the patient should feel a slight malaise, drowsiness, a change in eating habits and nothing more.

When there are sudden changes incondition, in the presence of discharge or late toxicosis, an additional examination by a gynecologist should be performed. It is likely that these first changes will cause the development of more serious he alth problems for the mother and fetus. And they will also be the root cause of natural termination of pregnancy for a period of 8-12 weeks, which is also called the threat of miscarriage in early pregnancy.

Reasons

The causes of the threat of miscarriage in the early and late periods are a number of negative factors. They cause the uterus to reject the fetus. Below is a list of what threats of miscarriage are and what the consequences are after them:

1. Genetic mutations incompatible with life. According to medical statistics, 70% of miscarriages occur precisely with the development of genetic abnormalities in the fetus. At the same time, not only a hereditary factor can provoke their appearance, but also a number of adversely affecting substances: drugs, alcohol, narcotic mixtures, hormonal ointments, and so on. In order to prevent the development of destructive changes, all women undergo prenatal screening up to 12 weeks, which reveals pregnancy pathologies and a predisposition to them.

2. Hormonal changes associated with inadequate production of progesterone. It is this hormone that is responsible for the restructuring of the body for bearing a baby. In the event that a woman has a decrease in female and an increase in male hormones, there is a real threat of rejection of the embryo.
3. Rhesus conflict betweenmother and child. Most often, it occurs as a result of incompatibility of parental DNA cells, when the father's blood (positive) is transferred to the child and the mother is not able to accept the fetus. This problem is solved in family planning centers or directly from a gynecologist who prescribes a number of laboratory tests to select effective therapy. It should be noted right away that saving the fetus is not a guarantee of its viability, since the damage to the nerve fiber in a child with an Rhesus conflict is very serious, up to the development of mental retardation and multiple problems with the kidneys, liver, and metabolism.

4. Infectious diseases of a pregnant woman caused by specific and non-specific agents:

   Specific ones include influenza, hepatitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, appendicitis, rubella.

   Non-specific include sexually transmitted infections.

5. Previous abortions. Fetal abortion is an emotional and physical shock for a woman, which has a number of negative consequences, such as infertility, sepsis or the inability to bear the next child, difficulty conceiving. Therefore, in the event of an unplanned pregnancy, experts recommend resorting to this method of resolving the issue only in the most urgent cases.
6. Nervous tension. Lack of sufficient sleep, stress and frequent overload at work contribute to a general decrease in immunity and a breakdown. In the process of bearing a child, these adverse factors can lead toto fetal loss.
7. The presence of chronic diseases. If they are present during pregnancy, the risk of miscarriage increases.
8. Abdominal injury.
9. Sexual intercourse, especially unprotected. Sperm is a biologically active product that does not cause negative effects before pregnancy. After fertilization, it represents a toxic substance that poisons the mother's body and, accordingly, harms the baby.
10. Pathologies of pregnancy - placental abruption.
11. The presence of late histosis in a pregnant woman - sharp jumps in blood pressure, impaired functioning of the kidneys and gallbladder. This is evidenced by the appearance of protein in general urine tests and increased swelling of the upper and lower extremities.
12. Polyhydramnios.

13. Isthmic-cervical insufficiency. Associated with trauma to the cervix from an improperly performed abortion, a recent miscarriage.

    

First signs of a threat

The most likely sign of problems with bearing is a sharp change in the well-being of a pregnant woman. If this fact is accompanied by the presence of other symptoms, for example, the appearance of discharge, bleeding or morphological pains in the lower abdomen, you should immediately contact a gynecologist at the place of residence or call an ambulance doctor.

Pain

Pathological pain has nothing to do with the natural process of childbearing. In other words, they are constant, have a pulling and cutting character,located mainly in the lower abdomen. In more severe circumstances, they can be completely shingles and undamped, even after taking a strong pain medication. Pain occurs at any time with the threat of miscarriage and requires immediate treatment.

Body temperature

Fever can occur at any stage of pregnancy, and it's not always something to worry about. But with a sharp jump in temperature (up to 38-39 ° C and above) or with a long (more than 2 days) thermal period, you should be wary. It is likely that an infection has entered the body, which can lead not only to a miscarriage, but also to the development of multiple pathologies of pregnancy (including damage to the fetus).

Selections

All medical specialists agree on one thing - there should be no discharge, especially in late pregnancy. If a woman notices any bloody, curdled or other inclusions in herself, she should see a specialist. Since the presence of secretions indicates that there is a viral infection or inflammation of the internal organs that affect the he alth of the unborn baby.

Symptoms of possible trouble

The most common symptoms of a threatened miscarriage include:

1. Pain. They are localized in the lower abdomen or completely encircle. Their main difference from the usual pain during childbearing is the spastic nature.
2. Appearance of spotting. They aremay be bright scarlet or dark with an abundance of clots. Such symptoms indicate placental abruption or endometriosis. If blood appears on your underwear and you feel generally unwell, you should immediately call an ambulance.
3. Watery discharge resembling enuresis. The constant flow of water or urine is a sign of excision of the walls of the fetal bladder. The waters in which the baby is located give him oxygen, vital until the moment of birth. If the amount of oxygen decreases, the child is born prematurely or is born with multiple defects.
4. Hypertonicity of the uterus. Increased muscle tone can be local (it is not dangerous) and extensive. It is extensive hypertonicity that leads to the appearance of multiple he alth problems in a pregnant woman and can become one of the causes of spontaneous miscarriage. Occurs at any stage of pregnancy with the threat of miscarriage.

Threatened first trimester (1st to 12th week)

The threat of miscarriage in early pregnancy occurs in the so-called critical periods: 1) 2-3 weeks, 2) 8-12 weeks. Termination of pregnancy during these periods is due to:

1. Inadequate production of the hormone progesterone.
2. Diseases of the female genital organs.
3. Hard or unfavorable working conditions for a pregnant woman.
4. The impossibility of a fertilized egg to attach and begin the development of an embryo.
5. Features of the structure of the lower genital organs.
6. Malnutrition.
7. Professional reasons.

In order to eliminate the risk of losing a baby in early pregnancy, you must register with a gynecologist and follow all the recommendations of a specialist.

Threatened second trimester (weeks 13 to 26)

Miscarriage in the second trimeter is called "premature birth", as all the organs and systems of the child are formed and the fetus reaches a significant size.

This unfavorable outcome may result from:

1. Viral or infectious infection.
2. Injuries, including domestic ones.
3. Exacerbations of hidden diseases.
4. Metabolic problems.
5. As a result of the development of the Rhesus conflict.
6. For other reasons that violate the placental exchange.

In order to eliminate the risk of losing a child in the later stages, including the formation of a “missed pregnancy”, it is necessary to take all tests on time and attend a scheduled ultrasound examination. These data will be able to form basic ideas about possible dangers and eliminate the risk of pathology.

Differences between early and late miscarriage

The main differences between abortion in early and late pregnancy are the causes of this phenomenon, as well as the consequences to which it can lead:

1. Reasons for early miscarriage:

• Physiological.
• Hormonal.
• Household.

2. Later:

• Infections.
• Development of deviations.
• Complex polyvalent diseases of a pregnant woman.
• Working conditions.

The most common consequences of a late miscarriage are:

• Inflammation of the uterus.
• Inability to bear fruit.
• Development of diseases of the female genital organs.
• Circulatory failure.
• Sepsis.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic measures to identify pathologies affecting the fetus are reduced to taking an extended set of laboratory tests and taking a smear to determine the microflora.

Laboratory studies

All the necessary data to determine the condition of a pregnant woman can be obtained based on the study of venous blood. Namely:

1. Testing for hormone levels - progesterone, testosterone, estrogen.
2. Analysis of the presence of antibodies to hCG.
3. Expanded map of possible infections. These include establishing the type of herpes virus (its absence), chlamydia, gonorrhea and others.
4. Blood test for thyroid hormone levels.
5. Coagulogram - blood sampling to study coagulation parameters.
6. Blood sampling from mother and father to determine the presence of specific antibodies that could be transmitted to the child with DNA.

Smear for microflora

The pap smear is a standardized test that is familiar to many women. This diagnostic method is able to establish the presence of bacteria or other external agents in the body,which can lead to natural termination of pregnancy. It is mandatory to undergo a microflora study at each visit to a gynecologist, regardless of general well-being.

Ultrasound

Ultrasound examination is carried out exclusively for medical reasons (if there is a threat of miscarriage in the early stages or symptoms indicating it). Under no circumstances is it possible to independently undergo this study with a paid specialist. If there are good reasons to doubt the competence of the attending physician, you can contact the diagnostic center or any other medical institution for an additional examination.

In the event that the pathology is confirmed, doctors prescribe a hardware study at low frequencies to reduce the risk of adverse effects on the embryo.

Treatment

Treatment of pathological conditions during pregnancy is carried out strictly in a hospital. Doctors do not recommend outpatient treatment (at home).

When a patient enters a medical facility (he alth care facility), a patient undergoes a second screening study, based on the results of which complex drug therapy is prescribed. With a threatened miscarriage, you can:

1. Administration of antispasmodic drugs intramuscularly.
2. Assignment of vitamins of group E, C.
3. Hormonotherapy.
4. The use of drugs that improve blood circulation and the transplacental barrier ("Kurantil", "Duspatalin", "Dicinon", "Etamzilat", "Tranexam").
5. Antiviral andanti-inflammatory drugs.
6. Sedatives.
7. Immunomodulators.
8. High iron preparations.

"Dufaston" with the threat of miscarriage is the first and indispensable remedy. This drug is synthetic progesterone, which is necessary for a pregnant woman. The drug is produced in the form of tablets. This type of hormone relaxes the uterus, thereby preventing the threat of miscarriage and early symptoms.

The dosage of the drug is prescribed by the doctor on an individual basis. The age of the future mother, the duration of pregnancy, the degree of severity are taken into account.

This remedy is prescribed not only to prevent the threat of miscarriage in early and late periods, but also to patients who cannot become pregnant.

In some cases, the drug must be taken throughout pregnancy and strictly according to a given scheme (dosage, quantity, time between taking pills are taken into account).

Folk remedies

The most effective and safe traditional medicine are:

1. Decoction of dandelion. It is very easy to prepare it. It is necessary to take 5 grams of a pharmacy product and pour it with 200 grams of distilled water. Boil the resulting mixture. Cool and consume after meals at least 3-4 times a day.
2. Kalina. The color and bark of viburnum are widely used in medical practice. Therefore, these components are classified as the most gentle products of nature. The preparation of medicinal tinctures and oral preparations is carried out without the use of third-party additives. color or barkyou need to pour boiled water and bring to a boil. After cooling and use 1-2 tablespoons at least 3 times a day on an empty stomach.
3. Infusion of herbs. For the treatment of the inflammatory process, the color of St. John's wort and calendula is most often used. These components are mixed 1/1 and boiled over a fire for 5 minutes. After the broth has cooled, it is poured into a clean container and diluted with water by 2/3 of the volume. Drink this medicine for half a glass in the morning and evening. A must after meals.

Helpful tips

In the event that there is a risk of natural termination of pregnancy in early or late pregnancy, a number of very important rules must be observed in order to save the child and not harm your own he alth:

1. Do not be physically active.
2. Drinking alcohol or smoking is strictly prohibited.
3. Stressful situations and third-party experiences should be completely excluded from life until the moment of birth.
4. It is strictly forbidden to have sex.
5. It is not recommended to overheat, go to the sauna (bath) or lie in the bath even if the indicators are normal.
6. Coffee, chocolate, sweet desserts, rye bread, quick breakfasts (cereals, cereals, etc.) are completely excluded from the diet.
7. Medication is also strictly limited.

The threat of abortion is a very serious "bell" for all expectant mothers. Even with excellent he alth indicators and the absence of bad habits, no one is immune fromthe occurrence of a pathology that affects the entire future life and he alth of the mother (and possibly the child, not only this, but also the next one). Therefore, in order for the pregnancy to proceed normally, it is necessary to follow all the recommendations of the attending gynecologist and seek advice at the first ailment.