Development of speech in the preparatory group. Abstract of a lesson on the development of speech in the preparatory group

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

The development of speech in the preparatory group of kindergarten is one of the most important areas in teaching preschoolers. It is this process that the team of teachers pays a lot of attention to, both during classes and in everyday activities throughout the entire period of the child's stay in the institution. The development of the ability to communicate, express one's thoughts is the foundation for the further successful acquisition of knowledge and skills by children. This article talks about the organization of the speech environment for future first graders within the walls of the kindergarten. Various methods for developing speaking and communication skills are described here. The information presented in the article will be a good hint not only for preschool teachers, but also for parents.

The main tasks of the direction of speech development in kindergarten

Section of the program for the upbringing and education of preschool children "Speech development" inpreparatory group includes the following goals:

• formation of a rich and active vocabulary in a child;
• development of the speech environment surrounding the preschooler;
• develop a culture of communication;
• formation of coherent speech;
• improving the ability to correctly pronounce sounds and words.

How to achieve the development of all of the above skills in a six-year-old child, we will learn from further information.

Methods of shaping the speech development of future first graders

The task of teachers and parents of a six-year-old child is not only to teach him to speak, but also to give him a comprehensive development. The means of developing the speech of preschoolers, presented below, will help to fulfill these points. They include:

1. Connect with peers and adults.
2. Finding a child in a cultural language environment.
3. Teaching mother tongue in class.
4. Experiencing works of fiction and art in your native language.

Methods used to develop children's speech skills

Child 6-7 years old still loves to play. Therefore, in order for the process of obtaining knowledge from him to be successful, they must be presented in an interesting form. What can captivate the baby? The methodology for developing the speech of preschoolers includes such interesting techniques for presenting information and achieving successful learning outcomes:

1. Visualmethods:

• observation during excursions and walks;
• consideration of a single object, plot picture or photograph;
• verbal description of toys and images;
• retelling according to the plot picture, filmstrip, according to a group of objects.

2. Verbal methods:

• reading and retelling of fiction;
• telling with and without visual material;
• learning poetry and small passages of prose by heart;
• generalizing conversation on the meaning of a fairy tale, story;
• composing a story from a group of pictures.

3. Practice:

• didactic games for the development of speech of preschoolers;
• Staging;
• dramatization games;
• plastic studies with commentary;
• round dance games.

How to achieve the desired effect in practice in the development of the speech of six-year-old preschoolers will be discussed in the next part of the article. The descriptions of the exercises and games below will help parents and caregivers achieve excellent results in this direction.

Work on sound pronunciation

Classes for the development of speech with children of senior preschool age include exercises for the differentiation of certain sound groups: voiced and deaf, hissing and whistling, hard and soft. Here are some examples of such games.

1. "Repeat". The kid is offered to repeat words similar in pronunciation after an adult: poppy-bak-so, ladies-house-smoke, etc. The purpose of this task is to make the child clearly pronounce sounds, thereby ensuring that he distinguishes and hears them, what's the difference.
2. "Similar or not." From a group of words, a preschooler must single out one that is sharply different in sound from all the others. Examples: "mak-bak-tak-ram", "lemon-bud-catfish-wagon", etc.
3. "Catch the sound". The purpose of the exercise is to teach the child to hear a given vowel or consonant and to distinguish it from the flow. Rule of the game: clap your hands when you hear "A". Sample audio stream: W-A-M-R-A-L-O-T-A-B-F-S-A-A-O-K etc.
4. "Find the picture by the first sound". The child is given several cards with the image of objects. The adult calls the sound, and the kid chooses the object in the name of which he is the first. Similarly, the task is performed to determine the last sound in the word.

Performing such exercises teaches the child not only to hear sounds, but also to isolate them from the general flow, to perform sound analysis of the word. And the successful mastery of the phonemic structure of words is the key to literate writing in the future.

Speech development in the kindergarten preparatory group: intonation side

Rhythm, melody, voice strength, timbre, speech rate - these are the elements that make communication lively and bright. It is important from an early age to teach the baby to use the sound side correctly.speech. To do this, you can use the exercises below.

1. "Finish the phrase." The child is invited to choose a rhyme for the expression. Examples: "Where have you been, Tanechka?" (answer: "I went home with my grandmother"), "Our toothy crocodile …" (answer: "I took my hat and swallowed it"). The selection of consonant words in this exercise not only develops intonation expressiveness, but also teaches you to perceive poetic speech.
2. "Tell a story." The child needs not only to convey in words the plot of the work, but also to reproduce the intonation of the voice of one or another character.
3. "Say the word slowly/quickly." This task helps to develop the pace of speech. When the child learns to pronounce words, the task becomes more complicated. He is asked to say a whole sentence at a certain pace.
4. "Big and small animal". With the help of this game, the kid will learn to control the power of the voice. He is invited to show how a small dog (or any other animal) growls, and then a big one.

Enrich active vocabulary

Classes on the development of speech in the preparatory group in this direction are aimed at teaching the child to select antonyms, synonyms, distinguish between polysemantic words and be able to use them correctly in speech. Exercises and didactic games will help to achieve a successful result in this. Some examples are listed below.

1. "Find the word opposite in meaning" (antonyms). For example:"The snow is white, but the earth…".
2. "Come up with a sentence for the picture" (multi-meaning words). The child has subject cards with the image of an onion (vegetable) and an onion (weapon). He needs to make a sentence with these concepts.
3. "Say it differently" (selection of synonyms). The adult says, "Big." Children should pick up words that are close in meaning to him: huge, huge, giant, etc.

These and other similar didactic exercises, kindergarten teachers can include in the summary of speech development classes in the preparatory group as a method of teaching children.

Formation of the grammatical structure of speech

The development of the speech of six-year-olds in this direction includes the work of teaching preschoolers to use the word in speech in the correct number, gender and case. Also, already at this age, children should know indeclinable words (coat, piano). Classes for the development of speech in the preparatory group necessarily include exercises for teaching the competent use of "difficult" verbs: "undress-take off", "dress-put on". To achieve the correct application of these concepts in communication is possible only by constantly consolidating the acquired knowledge in gaming activities and everyday life. For example, while getting ready for a walk, invite the child to tell what he is doing (putting on a hat, dressing a doll, etc.).

The development of speech in the preparatory group also includes teaching word formation. Toddlers are very fond of games of this kind:"Name the cub from the name of his mother" (a hedgehog has a hedgehog, but a horse has a foal), "Think of a longer word" (spring - spring, freckles).

Formation of the ability to build coherent statements

Descriptions, reasoning, narration - this is the basis of speech. After the child began to speak, the task of parents and teachers is to teach him to correctly build sentences from words, and from sentences - a coherent text. From early childhood, the baby should hear competent speech around him. To do this, you need to talk a lot with him, read books, watch and comment on educational cartoons. In the classroom in kindergarten and at home, for the development of coherent speech in this direction, the use of didactic exercises is recommended. The teacher-educator can safely introduce them into the outline of the lesson on the development of speech in the preparatory group. Let's look at some examples of such games.

1. "Think up a continuation of the story." The child is shown one plot picture. He describes what he sees and then develops the plot further.
2. "Put the pictures in the correct order and make up a story".
3. "What happened before that?" The preschooler sees a picture that shows the end of the story. He needs to come up with its beginning.
4. "Draw a fairy tale". The child is read a short work, and then asked to illustrate what they heard. At the end of the creative process, the kid retells the fairy tale using his picture.

Indicators of successful speech development of a preschooler

At the end of the school year in the preparatory group, the child should know and be able to:

• build a coherent story based on the proposed picture;
• retelling small works of fiction;
• keep up a conversation with adults and peers;
• use polite words in your speech;
• answer questions in full sentences.