2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21
Proper formation of a child's personality is not only a task for parents. Educators should also take an active part in its decision.
Introduction of new learning standards
In 2013/14, all preschool institutions switched to work according to new standards (FSES). The reason for this step was the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (No. 1155, 2013) on the need to make adjustments to the work of preschool education in the field of cognitive and speech development of children.
What is the purpose of GEF in kindergarten?
The speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard is recognized as a means for mastering the basics of communication as part of the cultural heritage of the nation, as well as a constant replenishment of vocabulary, the formation of a competent, coherent monologue and dialogic conversation. To achieve it, you will need creativity, the formation of intonation and sound culture of dialogue, competent phonetic hearing, the study of children's literature, the child's ability to distinguish between different genres. The speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard (6-7 years old) forms the prerequisites for further learning to read and write.
Tasks of preschooleducation
The speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard sets the following tasks: the formation of not only the correct conversation, but also the thinking of the baby. The results of monitoring indicate that the number of preschoolers with significant impairments in the ability to speak correctly has recently increased.
It is important to form the speech of preschoolers in a timely manner, take care of its purity, prevent and correct problems that are considered deviations from the generally accepted rules and norms of the Russian language.
Tasks of preschool education (FSES)
Speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard (the goals and objectives are briefly discussed above) is carried out in several directions:
- enriching the cognitive sphere of preschoolers with the necessary information through classes, observations, experimental activities;
- filling emotional and sensory experience in the course of communication with phenomena, objects, different people;
- systematization of information about surrounding events, the formation of an idea of the unity of the material world;
- cultivating respect for nature, reinforcing positive emotions;
- creation of conditions that will help identify and support the interests of a preschooler, the possibility of their independence in speech activity;
- Support the formation of cognitive processes in babies.
The work of a GEF educator
The main task of anyeducator - speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard. Thanks to him, the initial formation of the communicative skills of the child takes place. The full realization of this goal is the formation by the end of the preschool age of the universal communication of the baby with the people who surround him. An older preschooler should easily talk with representatives of society of different age, social status, gender.
Speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard (6-7 years old) involves the knowledge of oral Russian, orientation in the course of communication to the interlocutor, the ability to select different forms and perceive the content of the conversation.
Directions for the development of a preschooler according to GEF
According to the new standards, kindergartens are required to provide preschoolers with the following areas of development:
- cognitive;
- social-communicative;
- artistic and aesthetic;
- verbal;
- physical.
On the features of cognitive development
FSES involves the division of cognitive and speech development into two separate areas.
Cognitive development means the formation of curiosity, the development of interest, activity in learning in preschoolers. The task is to form the consciousness of a preschooler, develop initial ideas about other people, about oneself, about different objects around, relationships, properties of objects (color, shape, rhythm, sound, material, part, quantity, whole, time, peace, space, movement,consequences, causes).
The cognitive development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard helps to form in kids a love for their Motherland. Classes form an idea of the cultural values of the people, traditions, as well as national holidays, help to improve the understanding of the planet Earth, natural processes, phenomena, the diversity of peoples and countries.
Specific speech development of preschoolers
The speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard in the 1st junior group sets the task of mastering speech as a necessary means for culture and communication. Also, classes help kids to enrich vocabulary, form phonetic hearing.
What points should be taken into account by educators planning the speech development of preschoolers?
According to the Federal State Educational Standard, in the preschool period, with the help of cognitive culture, the child is forming primary ideas about the world around him. As children grow, their worldview changes. Do not forget that the path of cognition and development in a small person differs significantly from the ideas of adults who are able to perceive the surrounding phenomena and objects with their own intellect, while children get acquainted with various phenomena with the help of emotions. Adults prefer to process information without paying due attention to human relationships. Preschoolers cannot process a large flow of knowledge efficiently and quickly, so relationships between people play a very important role for them.
Features of the development of the three-yearbaby
For a three-year-old child, the detailed content of reality acts as the basis of world perception. The world of children of this age is specific individual objects, objects, phenomena. Cognition of the world is carried out according to the principle: what I see, I use it, I know it. The child looks at objects from different angles. He is interested in external (Who? What?), Internal (Why? How?) Characteristics of the object. At this age, he is not able to independently comprehend various hidden parameters. The speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard in the first junior group is aimed at helping in the process of learning new things, phenomena, searching for the relationship between individual natural processes.
Features of the development of the baby of the second younger group
Kids of the second younger group are able to establish dependencies and first connections between phenomena and objects, correlate the internal and external characteristics of things, analyze the significance of some of them for human life. The full speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard in the second younger group allows the kids of this group to communicate with each other, learn to talk with adults.
Features of the development of a four-year-old baby
At the age of four, the formation of personality undergoes significant changes caused by physiological processes occurring in the cerebral cortex, modifications of mental reactions, as well as an increased degree of mastery of speech. There is an accumulation of a full-fledged stock of information about the phenomena that occuraround the child. The speech development of preschool children is very important. According to GEF, the middle group is the period when the perception of information at the verbal level is activated. Children begin to assimilate, understand various interesting information about the world around them. This age implies the formation of electoral interests among preschoolers, and therefore a special development program is needed.
Features of the development of a five-year-old baby
At this age, the child already has an accumulated amount of information about objects, phenomena, the world around him, it is important to replenish it in a timely manner. The constant speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard at this age makes it possible to move on to an elementary primary acquaintance with such concepts as "symbol", "time", "sign". They will be very important in further preparation for school.
The educator introduces such concepts, carrying out the speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard. Its task is to interest the baby. For example, to form certain symbols, children work with a globe, traffic signs, months, climate zones, group icons. “Time” is considered a serious topic at this age. While the child has no idea what this term means. He is poorly oriented what day it is today, and also when this or that event occurred. It is important for him to explain correctly and intelligibly what tomorrow, today and yesterday are.
The speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard is aimed at compiling stories about time, the calendar. The teacher, introducing these concepts to the kids, creates a real “corner of the past” in the group. ATAs a result, preschoolers deepen and expand their ideas about inanimate, living nature, the relationship between them. It is important that educators help their wards, guide them in the complex process of learning, establish cause-and-effect relationships together, and promote a positive attitude towards the world around them.
An important point that affects the formation of cognitive characteristics of a child is the presence of motivation. The development of a preschooler's ability to learn directly depends on the ability to quickly assimilate the information received. This is the speech development of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard. The program "From Birth to School" is the key to the successful formation of the baby. The speech of a child at preschool age develops very quickly - for a six-year-old, a “bank” of 4000 words is considered normal.
Ways to create a developing environment for preschoolers
To ensure the formation of the personality of preschoolers, it is important to create a developing subject-spatial environment in all age groups.
There are clear requirements in GEF DO that contribute to increased interest among preschoolers. According to the standards, the developing object-spatial environment should be multifunctional, transformable, rich, accessible, variable, and also safe. In terms of saturation, it fully corresponds to the age characteristics of children, as well as the content of the educational program.
One of the main conditions in the process of creating a developing spatial-subject environment is considered to be full compliancematerial for the age of the kids. It is important and difficult to accomplish. Federal State Educational Standards presuppose an individual approach to each child, which only the most experienced teacher with significant experience in working with young children is fully capable of providing.
It is important to realize that in each subsequent group the child must develop the skills acquired earlier, this is what modern educational programs for preschoolers are based on.
Summing up
Children between the ages of 3 and 5 who are in transition from play should be given opportunities to develop basic skills from the environment. The patterns of development of memory, thinking, speech, attention involve the creation of an environment for objective activity (game situations), as well as conditions for the development and education of the individual.
In the younger group, preschoolers should have a variety of activities, there should be a connection between play and learning. Educators of younger groups are required to use game, group, subject classes in their work.
The middle group assumes a smooth transition from play activities to academic studies.
In the older group, role-playing game is of great importance, which has special requirements. The teacher is obliged to form a subject-developing environment, to motivate preschoolers for cognitive activity.
In the preparatory group, teaching methods are used that comply with the Federal State Educational Standard, helping to prepare children for school. Success in further education will depend on the level of preparation of preschoolers.
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