Speech therapy classes with children 3-4 years old: features of the implementation. The speech of a child at 3-4 years old

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Children learn to communicate with adults and speak in the first year of life, but not always a clear and competent pronunciation is achieved even by the age of five. Often kindergartens, where a child, among equals, learns to speak more intensively and dramatically increases vocabulary, knowledge and understanding, become unwitting participants in involving the child in the process of active speaking. However, there is no doubt that the pace of technology development and children's knowledge of household appliances, computer devices often give odds to adults, but speech skills are left far behind. And by the age of four or five years, a child is sometimes not able not only to pronounce sounds correctly, but also to formulate a thought.

The unanimous opinion of pediatricians, child psychologists and speech pathologists coincides: the child shouldlimit access to computer games and replace as much as possible with outdoor games, didactic materials and educational games: lotto, dominoes, mosaics, drawing, modeling, applications, etc. Attention should be paid to the child constantly, if possible, encourage with emotions of delight, joy, praise each new achievement in the correct pronunciation and constantly train the muscles of the palate, tongue, lips and pharynx.

Causes of speech disorders

If a child speaks less than twenty simple words a year, you need to pay attention to how the elders communicate with the younger ones in the family, what is the general psychological background in the family, the relationship of family members and ways of raising children.

If, according to the psychologist, the mental state of the child is good, hearing and intelligence are normal, speech therapy classes with children 3-4 years old will correct pronunciation and allow the child to learn to speak correctly faster.

Sometimes, for a variety of reasons, neurological, physical or mental, speech disorders take a certain form.

This can be caused by poor vocabulary, incorrect pronunciation of words, confusion in the endings or rearrangement of syllables of a word, and can also be manifested in the tempo of speech.

Types of violations in the child's speech development

Speech therapists divide speech disorders into phonetic-phonemic speech underdevelopment (when vowels are swallowed, hard or soft consonants are not pronounced, etc.), general underdevelopment of speech and certain types of speech problemscharacter:

• Alalia.
• Dysgraphia.
• Dyslexia.
• Dysarthria.
• Dyslalia.
• Stuttering.
• Aphasia.
• Rhinolalia and some other types, subtypes of disorders.

How to identify a speech disorder

As a rule, in early childhood, babies do not develop in the same way, so it is rather difficult to classify any violation with external general signs of he alth. With careful attention to a small family member, parents and older children can notice the manifestations of violations.

Speech therapy classes begin with children 3-4 years old, when a certain vocabulary is normally formed, and the child actively communicates or is forced to strive to explain his needs and desires verbally, and not with gestures. Psychologists note this age also because personal growth, along with new forms of thinking and self-identification, makes a child interested in new things, strive for communication, especially communication with peers. Due to the fact that children themselves teach each other to explain themselves more clearly in a playful and natural way, the vocabulary changes, and, accordingly, the child’s speech at 3-4 years old.

Speech therapist test for parents - a signal for action

Test tasks that speech therapists give, allow you to determine the level of violations or to identify the absence of violations in a child. Often, some time devoted to classes captivates the baby, he joins with interest in completing tasks and throughfor a short time he begins to speak much better and more correctly. If speech disorders are nevertheless identified, parents should be aware that they are often easy to correct, provided that classes and exercises with the child are carried out not only in a group with a defectologist, speech therapist, but also at home.

What does a speech therapy lesson include

In the course of psychological and speech therapy classes for children 3-4 years old, the child is simultaneously taught not only in the speech sense, because the associated processes of brain activity, speech functions, motor skills in the complex should be carried out in different directions:

• need to develop general, fine motor skills (sculpting, drawing, rolling, clapping, squeezing and unclenching fists, patting fingers, lacing, fastening and unbuttoning buttons will help here);
• it is equally important to develop articulatory motor skills (regular gymnastics for the muscles of the tongue, lips, larynx and palate);
• correction of sound pronunciation, correct staging of sounds by a speech therapist;
• correction of mistakes in diction and training in rhythm, smoothness of speech and diction.

What are the benefits of speech therapy exercises

Description of speech therapy classes for children 3-4 years old includes mandatory articulation exercises to relieve muscle tone and spasm, dynamic and static exercises for the tongue, lip angles, muscles of the lower jaw, cheeks, finger gymnastics and fine motor skills, sometimes reflexologymassage. During corrective classes, children learn spatial representations, develop motor skills and memory, visual images, attention, thinking and observation. Sensory functions are developing, constructive thinking is being practiced, and muscle tone is gradually normalizing.

Psychological aspect of working with a child

Features of speech therapy classes with children aged 3-4 years old can relate to the psychological component, often children with speech disorders due to opposing themselves to those who speak well, complex or withdraw into themselves. The task of the teacher is to arrange the child, to interest and force him to overcome the barriers created by him in relation to his own characteristics. The flip side can be to oppose oneself in a conflicting way, indiscipline, whims, refusal to work together. In this case, individual speech therapy sessions are recommended for children 3-4 years old - it is easier to convince and interest a special child alone when an adult becomes a friend and assistant to the baby, able to see the efforts behind the whims.

General developmental classes

Physical education, although not included in the set of exercises with a speech therapist, is still important, gymnastics develops the correct respiratory cycle, which, in turn, contributes to better saturation of the brain with oxygen and good blood circulation. Speech therapy classes with children 3-4 years old are often accompanied by the development of fine motor skills with improvised means in the form of puzzles, mosaics, origami, constructor, drawingand games aimed at developing mnemonic memory. In addition, memory is trained with riddles in poetic form, tongue twisters and rhymes on a fun theme. Of course, the training is also carried out in a playful way, otherwise the baby may flatly refuse to do exercises and gymnastics. The task of a speech therapist and parents is to participate in the formation of the correct speech of the child as fully as possible, because the earlier violations are noticed, the more likely it is to eradicate them and help the child communicate beautifully and correctly, and therefore become a competent and pleasant conversationalist.

Speech therapy massage

Speech therapy classes with children 3-4 years old include gymnastics of chewing-articulatory, mimic-articulatory muscles, gymnastics of lips and cheeks, tongue, oral area, if necessary, speech therapy massage (classic, acupressure), including vibrating stroking, kneading, stretching.