Theatrical games are Definition, types, conditions and features

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Game is one of the most important types of children's activities, during which development and learning take place. Theater for a child is a fairy tale, a holiday and positive emotions. Theatrical games are an activity that allows the teacher to form aesthetic education, creativity and love for art. An adult should understand the specifics of such a pastime and actively involve all children in it. In the article below you will find complete information about this difficult game.

The concept of theater in preschools

Theatrical game is the most powerful means of developing empathy in children (the ability to distinguish the emotions of other people by intonation, facial expressions, gestures). Based on this skill, the ability to respond to a work of art and evaluate it is already being formed. In general, such a game is a play by children in the faces of fairy tales, stories and other works underthe guidance of a teacher or independently.

Theatrical activities have the ability to positively influence pupils through characters.

Children see in the heroes of the works a role model, because most often the themes of dramatizations are friendship, honesty, kindness, courage. Getting used to the image, the child takes on its features and delves into the foundations of moral education. And the variety of topics and ways of implementing children's theatrical games allows the teacher to use them for the comprehensive development of the individual.

How are dramatization games classified?

Children's dramatization is usually divided into two large groups: director's games and dramatizations.

Director's games are table and shadow theaters, actions with flannelgraph. In this case, the child is not a protagonist, he only leads and voices the hero. In dramatization, the pupil is already playing the role on his own.

Director's games, in turn, are divided into:

• Table toy theater - characters can be any crafts and toys, the main thing is that they should be convenient to move around the table.
• Table picture theater - in this case, the characters are shown in the illustrations and their actions are limited. The main role of the intonation of the child.
• Flannelgraph - the characters are attached to the screen covered with flannel. The fabric is also covered with the inside of the carved characters.
• Shadow theater - in this case, a translucent paper screen is used, characters cut out ofdark paper and a light source that is installed behind the screen. Fingers can also be used.

Dramatic games are divided into:

• Finger - the child puts a doll on his finger and depicts actions with it. You can hide behind a screen or play openly.
• Bibabo dolls.
• Improvisation is a dramatization without a specific plot and preparation. The game is completely intuitive.

This classification helps to expand the theatrical activities of children in all groups and enrich their knowledge in this area.

How to organize theatrical performance in a preschool educational institution?

The work of introducing children to the theater begins with their accumulation of emotional and sensory experience, that is, at the beginning they themselves must watch the performances staged by adult professionals. Over time, pupils themselves become involved in activities and are able to distinguish between genres and moods, themes of works.

To successfully master the basics of theatricalization, the educator and parents must provide the child with freedom of creativity. In general, working with parents is an important part of teaching creativity. The teacher and parents should work together, be at the same time. This is facilitated by holding creative evenings, conversations and consultations.

Successful theatrical games are also properly selected works for staging. The teacher should choose them wisely, looking at the subject matter, artistic value and age and experience of the students.

On what principles doesteacher when organizing theatricalization in a preschool educational institution?

1. The principle of humanistic orientation - humane relations must be established between the teacher and children.
2. The principle of integration - the game should combine different activities and arts.
3. The principle of creative interaction - a child and an adult should enter into a relationship of co-creation and discuss all possible ways of developing the game.

Only following these principles, the teacher can say that he organizes theatrical games according to the Federal State Educational Standard.

Methods for improving creativity

In order for children's creative activity not to stand still, but to develop, the teacher must apply specific methods. What is their essence? So:

• The method of modeling situations - the teacher, together with the children, creates model situations, plots and studies in which they could master creative activity.
• The method of creative conversation - the teacher asks the children a problematic question and through the dialogue, the pupils enter into creative activity.
• Method of associations - awakens the imagination of children with the help of associative comparisons. The child then tries to create something new based on past experiences.

Theatrical game of preschoolers can be organized in any kind of activity and in any lesson. Thorough training of teachers is also important to improve theatrical literacy of children. They should become a model of creative behavior for their pupils. A great way to achieve what you want is to organize at the basekindergarten pedagogical theater led by a musician. Such additional training will help to reveal the creative possibilities of teachers, and children, looking at them, learn the same reincarnation.

When children grow up to be able to put on their own performances (these are theatrical games in the senior and preparatory groups), they need to be divided into groups: directors, costume designers, screenwriters, artists and so on.

This method of work not only teaches teamwork, but also develops imagination. Parents should also be involved in the work, for example, they can help with decorations and costumes.

Requirements for organizing preschool games

Theatrical games are not only fun for children, but also serious preliminary preparation for educators. When organizing them, the teacher must rely on the basic requirements:

1. Variety of subjects and their content.
2. Appropriate to the age of the children, gradual complication.
3. Activity of children not only during the game itself, but also during preparation for it.
4. Cooperation of children with peers and teacher at every stage of preparation.
5. The constant inclusion of theatrical games in all regime moments and activities (along with role-playing).

The development of the game begins with the preparation of a script based on a work, and only then comes the time for improvisation. Children must master the basic elements of dressing up as other characters so that other participants can quickly recognize them. Butlimiting fantasies sharply is not worth it, there should always be a place for imagination and a non-standard display of a character.

Features of theatrical games in different groups

Playing games with children of different ages is different from each other. It is important to gradually acquaint children with the theater and its concepts, involving them in an already active reincarnation. It is recommended to start such games already from the second younger group (although less time will be devoted to them than in subsequent years). True, in the younger group, such activities are called role-playing games. Children transform into animals or birds, but are not yet able to beat a full-fledged plot. They copy a fox, a bear or a hare only externally, not being able to reveal their character. That is why toddlers need to read fiction more often and organize games around them.

Theatrical games in the middle group are already taught to combine movements and words, to use pantomime. With inactive children of this age, you can dramatize simple nursery rhymes. More active children are already capable of dramatizing simple fairy tales with puppetry.

Theatrical games in the older group become more difficult, children continue to improve their acting skills. Now they need to learn how to find ways of figurative expression on their own. The game must have an acute situation and a dramatic conflict, the formation of a character, saturation of emotions and not very complex dialogues. Such a game is more complex than simply imitating someone, since it requires not only to learnwords, but also to feel the image of the character.

A theatrical game in a pre-school group often becomes a performance. Moreover, you can play it both for yourself in the group and for the audience (parents or younger children in the garden). Now it is worth turning more often to directorial games, where the child chooses a toy and makes it speak and perform actions. This teaches the regulation of behavior and speech.

Playing with roles in the younger group

Role-playing games for kids are usually acting out situations, pantomime, games with verses, with imaginary objects. The article above only talked about the theoretical side of dramatization games, now it's time to give examples of such activities with children. Each group should have a card index of theatrical games with goals. So what kind of role playing takes place in the younger group?

• playing the situation "I don't want porridge" - the purpose of such a game will be to teach children to pronounce phrases intonation. Children are divided into pairs - children and a parent. The parent asks, persuades, makes the child eat porridge, and the child refuses, is naughty, politely disagrees.
• pantomime "Going to kindergarten" - the teacher teaches children to show without words how they wake up and stretch, wash and do exercises, dress and run to kindergarten. The purpose of the game is to develop imagination and expressiveness of gestures.
• playing with an imaginary object helps to develop the skills of working with imaginary objects. For example, the teacher invites the kids to stroke the kitten that is in his arms. The animal is "passed" from hand to hand, caressed and said kind words to it. You can also play the game "Delicious Candy", where children are treated to an imaginary treat. They take it, extending their hand, unfold the wrapper and put the candy in their mouth, showing everyone how delicious it is. The exercise also trains chewing skills.

Theatrical games in the middle group

Games for children in the middle group become a little more difficult, imitations of movements become more diverse. The teacher's arsenal also includes pantomime, acting out role-playing poems, poetry games and games for muscle relaxation and tension.

• Imitation of walking - the teacher asks the children to show how they walked when they were little, how the grandmother walks, the wolf, the fox, the princess and so on
• Pantomime "Bears" - children, getting used to the role, leave the lair, squint from the bright sun, stretch and sniff the air. The cubs disperse across the clearing, and here the teacher can connect improvisation. What will the animals do in spring?
• Theatrical games in the middle group are already connecting the muscle corset. An example of a game - a girl is walking in the forest and sees a butterfly. She is surprised, stretches her neck, tilts her body and throws her arms forward. Another game - the girl was presented with a new doll. She is very happy, spinning around, hugging the surprise and showing it to everyone around.

For playing poems in the younger group, works such as "The hare had a garden" are ideal,"Soap Bubbles", "Angry Goose"

Theatrical games in the senior group

It is useful for children 5-6 years old to play riddles without words. This well develops the expressiveness of gestures and facial expressions. The group is divided into two parts. The first group looks at pictures with riddles and chooses which they can show without words. The second subgroup guesses what their comrades offer them. Then there is a role reversal.

The game "Phone" develops imagination and dialogic speech very well. Children are divided into pairs and given tasks: invite a friend to a birthday party, apologize to a friend for a prank, and so on. To develop intonation speech, one should take a phrase and ask the pupils to pronounce it sadly, cheerfully, angrily, with surprise.

To improve acting skills, it is useful to practice in front of a mirror to see the results of your efforts. The teacher can ask the child to portray a dog, a princess, a punished boy, a bee that sits on a flower. Having given children 5-6 years old a scarf, you can ask them to depict a grandmother, a wizard, a butterfly, a person with a bad tooth with the help of an object.

The development of plastic expressiveness is becoming important and new in the senior group.

The goals of theatrical games of this kind are learning to control the body, to move arms and legs naturally and beautifully. Examples are:

• "The fox is eavesdropping" - the fox stands at the house of the cockerel and the cat and listens to what is being said inside. She exposesforward one leg and tilts the body, puts his ear closer to the wall, opens his mouth and makes sly eyes.
• "Rose Dance" - the teacher turns on calm music and invites the children to perform a beautiful flower dance. Pupils improvise, inventing movements on their own. Suddenly the music stops and the wind freezes all the roses. Children freeze in arbitrary poses. The game is repeated several times.
• "Palm tree" - children depict the growth of a palm tree (arms and body stretch up, legs on toes) and its withering (hands fall down).

Dramatic Games for Preschool Group

In the preparatory group, children continue to play pantomime, but the tasks become much more difficult. You can suggest portraying an ugly duckling, an angry lion, a horse rider, playing snowballs, fishing. Etude games also help to develop the imagination, which teach to reproduce individual character traits and emotions with facial expressions and gestures. Children can pretend to be a greedy dog, a grumpy janitor, or a nettle. This activity is accompanied by reading poems.

But the most important theatrical games in the preparatory group are those that result in the staging of a fairy tale. For example, the teacher reads the fairy tale by Ch. Perrault "Puss in Boots". Then you can watch the cartoon, draw the scenery with the children (field, river, castle). This is the preliminary work, the need for which was mentioned above. Then the teacher distributes the roles among the children and dramatizes the fairy tale. With children 6-7 years old, you can play the works of Suteev, a fairy tale"Little Red Riding Hood", Russian folk tales and so on.

An interesting activity for children is to remake a fairy tale. For example, with the help of a puppet theater, children remake the fairy tale "Gingerbread Man" - the gingerbread man meets the fox at the very beginning of the story, only then with the hare, wolf, bear and cat. Then he meets the boy Sasha, who reconciles all the heroes of the play.