Child development standards: speech and physical indicators, advice from pediatricians

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Physical and speech development of the child is associated with many reasons. The state of he alth, the situation in the family, some hereditary factors affect the ability of the baby. It is necessary to know the norms of the development of the child by months and years in order to notice deviations in time and take measures to correct them. Lagging behind the average may indicate a disease or individual characteristics of the child. Pediatricians are based on standards, watching the development of a small patient. In case of significant deviations, additional consultation of narrow specialists will be required.

Development norms in 1-3 months

A newborn communicates with matter by screaming. If the child wants to eat, feels uncomfortable or cold, then he calls his mother. But by the end of the first month, the baby begins to respond to the mother's voice, listens to him. His arms are still moving randomly, and his legs imitate walking movements in the air. At the same age, the child tries to hold his head.

B 2month baby smiles. This reaction is caused by the mother's voice, light strokes. In a cry and when he hums, the vowel sounds a, e, and are clearly heard. Active communication between mother and child contributes to the development of his speech. The kid looks at the mirror with interest. Calms down at the sight of reflection or becomes more active.

The ability to raise and hold the head upright is considered the norm for the development of children at 2 months. The vestibular apparatus develops. The kid is trying to grab the object. If the toy fell into his hands, then it becomes difficult to pick it up.

At 3 months, a "complex of revival" appears. The child waves his arms and legs when his mother appears, makes different sounds, by which you can determine whether he is happy or angry. Successfully holds the head for 2-3 minutes, rises to the elbows on the tummy. Can roll over. Movements are not well coordinated, but leaving him alone on the couch is already dangerous.

Baby development 4-6 months

At 4 months, the neck muscles become stronger. The child already holds his head well and looks around with interest. He can lean on his elbows, roll over from his tummy to his back. His movements become purposeful. He grabs toys, shifts from one hand to another. The child recognizes close people, smiles when they talk to him. Consonants appear in speech. Experts call it humming. With strangers, he is wary. Age norms for the development of a child of the fourth month:

• Examines the reflection in the mirror.
• Follows moving toys.
• Raises buttocks off the table when lying on tummy.
• Takes parents by the finger and tries to pull themselves up from a prone position.
• Confidently holding mother's breast, bottle.
• The weight of boys by this age reaches 6-7 kg, and the height is 60-63 cm.

At 5 months, the baby distinguishes his mother at a distance of several meters. Some babies make their first attempts to crawl. Lying on his stomach, the child leans on his palms, stretches out to look at something interesting. Gets upset when mom leaves. What the child has learned by the end of the month:

• Pronounces the first syllables.
• Stands up with support from an adult.
• Playing with parents.
• The first tooth may appear.
• Weight gain 650-700 gr, height - 2 cm.

At 6 months, the mother understands from the intonation of the child what he needs. He cries when he wants to eat, when he is wet or just wants to communicate. The baby is able to sit in the arms of the parents. Makes the first attempts to crawl. Norms of development of children in six months:

• Knows his name.
• May crawl a little on your stomach.
• Actively deals with toys, examines them, picks them up, puts them back.
• Enjoys music and toys that make sounds.
• The baby should gain 650 grams in a month, and grow 2 cm.

Baby development 7-9 months

At 7 months, the child shows character. The kid can identify some objects, point to them whenparents ask for it. He reacts to strangers by crying. He rises to his feet, holding on to a support. He hums for a long time, uses intonation when communicating with his mother. He sits confidently, looks at pictures, listens with pleasure to reading a book. Baby Development Highlights at 7 Months:

• Sits down with the help of an adult or on their own, holding onto a handhold.
• Sits confidently.
• Plays, makes "okay".
• Buzzing, stretching sounds.
• The baby by this age has grown by another 2 cm, and has grown 600 gr.

at 8 months the child begins to actively move around the apartment, crawls, walks along the support. Identifies familiar people among others, recognizes parents in a photograph. Can hold a spoon himself, pick up a toy upon request. Repeats the same sounds. At the end of the month, the child is able to:

• Walk along the support.
• Orients in the apartment, finds the right items.
• Refuses to sit in bed all the time, eager to learn new things.
• Actively hums, repeats sounds, some children pronounce the first words: "mom", "give", "tu-tu".
• Weight, on average, increased by 550 grams, and height - by 2 cm. Babies should weigh 8.1 - 8.5 kg. Their height reaches 68-71 cm.

By 9 months, many babies take their first steps with support, walk confidently along a support, and can get up off the floor on their own. They enjoy playing with adults and on their own. Developmental norms for children at 9 months:

• Sit down on their own.
• Actively crawling.
• Show familiar objects.
• Understand the word "don't".
• Speak your own language, pronounce certain words clearly.
• Weight increases by 500 grams, and height - by 1.5 cm.

Development standards at 10-12 months

At 10 months, babies begin to take their first independent steps, try to break away from the support, or walk holding one hand on the finger of their parents. If necessary, the child can sit down, take a toy and go further with it. He is attracted by pyramids, musical toys, and a spinning top. He can get carried away sorting through the rings, turns over the sheets of a cardboard book, is interested in other children, listens to the conversation, responds with sounds to his mother's speech. Finds toys that mom asks for. Norms of development of a child up to a year:

• Takes steps without support.
• Crawls confidently on her knees.
• Throws toys out of crib.
• Finds eyes on the face, nose.
• Gets 450 gr in a month, grows 1.5 cm.

At 11 months, a child explores the world around him with curiosity, examines the objects found, licks them. Finds a hidden toy, and a given object in the picture. Stands without support, walks without support. Dancing to the music, rejoices at the fun of parents. He pronounces the first simple words consciously. Shows parts of the body. He has already learned:

• Actively get up, sit down, walk.
• Distinguish between praise and punishment.
• Point to the item he needs.
• Waving hello and goodbye.
• Takesmall objects with fingers.
• The baby has grown by 1.5 cm, gained 400 grams in weight.

in 1 year sum up. This is already a small person. The little man expresses desires, understands speech, tries to answer. Walks confidently without support. Pronounces the first words denoting action. The norm for the development of a child up to a year are:

• The ability to walk a short distance.
• Pick up items from the floor.
• Step over the threshold.
• Find the right items.
• Call Mom.
• Say a lot of simple words: "mom", "baba", "dad", "lala" and so on.
• By the year, babies should weigh 9.8-10.6 kg. Their height should be 72-76 cm. Small deviations from these figures are also considered the norm, if the children are active, he althy, and develop correctly.

Child Development 1-1, 5 years

By the year the weight of the child increases, on average, 3 times, and height - by 25 cm. Now this is a grown up independent man. The child can walk actively.

The desire to do everything yourself leads to active actions. The kid holds a spoon, eats himself, sometimes with his hands. While dressing, he gives his mother a pen. Knows the purpose of objects. The comb and mother's phone are used for their intended purpose.

Norms for mental development of children and physical activity:

• Using a spoon himself.
• Fulfills simple requests from parents.
• Climbing the stairs holding her mother's hand.
• Talkingin their own language.
• Shows the desired item.
• Playing patties.
• Says some words consciously.
• Laughing out loud.
• Understands the reaction of parents.
• Drinking from a cup.
• Nods head saying yes.
• Drawing with a pencil.
• Takes off socks.
• Playing without adults.
• Rolls the ball.
• Putting toys in a box.
• Helps mom mop floors or dust.
• Walks hand in hand or alone.

By 1.5 years, new skills are added to the previous ones. The child can:

• Walk confidently.
• Displease.
• Throw a temper tantrum if you don't get what you want.
• Study new objects, climb on a chair, sofa.
• Take off your pants, jacket.
• "Feed" the dolls.
• Brush your teeth.
• Daytime naps are reduced to 1 time.
• Baby says first simple sentences.

At 18 months, the average weight of a child is 11.5 kg, height - 81 cm.

Development standards from 1.5 to 2 years

After 1.5 years, the child's growth rate slows down. Intellectual development comes first. What are the norms of physical development in children at 18-20 months? He can:

• Open cabinets.
• Build a tower out of cubes.
• Collect the pyramid.
• Imitate adults.
• Wash your hands, wash your face.
• Undress.
• Ask for a potty.
• Know all the partsbodies, be able to show them.
• Speak up to 50 words.
• Say a few sentences.

Small deviations are due to the individual characteristics of the child. If the baby does most of the work, then there is no cause for concern.

At 2 years old, a child can already go to kindergarten, so he must have the following skills:

• Ask to use the toilet, "accidents" still happen, but he must understand the urge.
• Collect 2-4 piece puzzles.
• Wear shorts and a T-shirt.
• Take off clothes.
• Understand "cold - hot", "big-small".
• Jump, run, climb stairs.
• Distinguish people by gender.

The norms of speech development of children from the age of 2 are changing, the child's vocabulary is increasing rapidly. He can memorize up to 10 words a day, understand and pronounce them.

Child development at 2-3 years old

At this age, children tend to adapt to the children's team. Mothers go to work, and the child becomes more independent and independent. Child development norms at 3 years old:

• He can easily walk up and down stairs.
• Dress and undress.
• Climbing the gym wall.
• Kick the ball.
• Go potty.
• Draw a straight line.
• Cut with scissors.
• Build pyramids.

Psycho-emotional development does not stand still. The norms of speech development of a child at this age are such that he can:

• Name and show parts of the body and face.
• Identify objects and animals that can swim, fly, run.
• Make 4-5 word sentences.
• Understand speech from adults.
• Perform complex double requests.
• Learn quatrains.
• Draw.
• Build.
• Interact with other children.
• Distinguish primary colors.
• Use polite words.
• Ask questions.
• Work with plasticine.

Development standards at 3 - 4 years

The child enters preschool age. He already interacts with adults and peers, knows how to run, jump, and perform various actions. Perhaps he is trying to manipulate adults. Many children at this age take on tasks that they cannot handle. Babies go through the next stage of emotional development. For this year, the norm for the development of children is their ability to:

• Find discrepancies in pictures.
• Determine the similarities and differences between objects.
• Count to 3.
• Show geometric shapes.
• Compare objects by size and shape.
• Define "many-little", "high-low".
• Memorize 2 - 3 pictures.
• Repeat many movements for an adult.
• Describe pictures.
• Say first and last name.
• Determine the basic actions of a person.
• Speak loudly and softly.
• Name animals.
• Sortitems by features.
• Know the names of some birds and animals.
• Identify vegetables, fruits, berries.
• Distinguish between periods of the day.
• Coloring pictures.
• Draw various lines, dots.
• Keep hygiene.
• Name the main phenomena of nature.

In the crisis of three years, parents must remain calm. This phenomenon is temporary, soon the child will become calm again, learn to communicate correctly with adults and peers.

Development at 5-7 years

At this age, the child learns to control behavior and emotions. Children should be able to listen to the teacher, perform tasks. The developmental norms of a child at 5 years old suggest their ability to perform such actions:

• Solve simple problems and puzzles.
• Count to 10.
• Answer the questions "how much", "which".
• Determine the shape of bulk objects.
• Divide a square or circle into the number of given parts.
• Continue the chain of given items.
• Find an extra item.
• Compose a story from a picture.
• Make up a continuation of the story.
• Sort items by features.
• Say first name, last name, address, full names of parents.
• Use intonation, express emotions and mood.
• Be able to draw conclusions, defend your point of view.
• Conduct dialogue.
• Learn poetry.
• Distinguish everyday items and determine their purpose.
• Know natural phenomena.
• Memorize the names of the heroes of fairy tales.
• Build complex shapes from the constructor.

Child may react poorly to a change of residence or daily routine. At this age, the improvement of his nervous system takes place. The preschooler becomes independent, the emotional burden increases on him.

Tips from pediatricians

Watching the development of the baby, parents should not be nervous because of small deviations, if any. Most often, it is based on a genetic predisposition. A stunted child may overtake peers in adolescence. If the baby's parents are short, then you should not expect that the children will be above the average.

A child must live at his own pace. For successful learning, do not rush the baby. The sleep of the child should be appropriate for his age. Do not deprive a preschooler of daytime rest on weekends.

Observe the daily routine, include elements of hardening, active and calm games, affordable housework - these are necessary components of raising children and caring for them.

Norms and deviations in the development of the child are a conditional factor. The doctor should notice when examining whether the baby is age appropriate. Only a specialist will determine whether to take action.