Methodology for teaching preschoolers to read at home

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Being a parent seems to be harder than ever today. Society demands more and more from children, and in order to meet the priorities of the new time, family people have to work very hard. They need to fully engage in the comprehensive development of their child. It is important to spend enough time and effort on this, to approach the learning process both in a scientifically sound, and at the same time in a childishly playful way. Taking care of a child through the sleeves is the same as not doing it at all. Indeed, in this delicate issue, not only the result itself is important, but also the learning process, its comfort for the child, the individual interest of the baby in the mechanism of play and learning.

One of the most important stages in the development of any preschooler is the formation of reading skills. Today, there are many methods that help teach this to a child. For example, there is a methodology for teaching preschoolers to read in 15 lessons. Of course, to believe or not to believe that it is possible to effectively and not traumatize the child's psyche to teach him to read in just two weeks is up to you. However, existencemany qualitative methods are confirmed by practice. In this article, we will look at some of them.

Traditional method

This teaching method is still one of the most common today. With her help, most of today's adults got the reading skill. Also, it is this technique that is now used in absolutely all schools - it is universal.

According to this theory, learning should be done in stages: letters first, then syllables, then words, and so on. Awareness of the pattern of combining sounds into whole phrases comes to the child gradually, some take longer than others.

Also, a lot depends on the literal age of the child. A one-year-old baby is quite able to remember the letters, but he will not be able to master the skill of reading. To do this, it is necessary to be able to understand the patterns inherent in this process, which such a small child is not capable of.

It takes patience. Children often forget what they have just read. The process is new, and sometimes the child sets the pace of the lessons himself.

The main advantage of this method is its reliability. Regardless of the child's ability, he will learn to read anyway.

Zaitsev Cubes

The considered technique helps to learn reading through the perception of syllables. It actively uses a variety of cubes, as well as colorful tables. According to some reviews, many parents experiencesome difficulties. They are connected with the fact that not everyone is able to decide how it would be correct to use all these teaching aids. Practice has shown that this technique achieves its greatest effectiveness only when interacting in a group. Thus, classes with the help of Zaitsev's cubes in kindergartens and various development centers will help you get the maximum result in the minimum time.

Glenn Doman Method

The considered method of teaching reading to a preschooler at home implies the skill of perceiving the whole word, and not any of its parts. On the territory of the Russian Federation, this method became known only in the nineties of the last century. Teaching preschoolers according to this method occurs through the use of special aids for the development of the child (cards) and the most frequent and high-quality communication with the baby.

Advantages of the Doman technique:

• Suitable for kids of all ages, even toddlers.
• Preschoolers learn to read through play, allowing them to enjoy their parents' attention and gain new knowledge.
• The system effectively develops memory, provides valuable encyclopedic knowledge.
• Many Nobel Prize winners were raised using this technique.
• Teaching preschoolers to read in this way develops them in many ways.

Disadvantages of Glenn Doman's Method

Like any techniqueteaching a preschooler to read, the Doman method has its drawbacks. They are as follows:

• It takes a huge variety of cards to achieve the desired effect. This is extremely difficult and time consuming if parents decide to make them themselves. Or you can purchase a ready-made kit, which can be somewhat expensive.
• The method of teaching preschoolers to read recommends showing such cards to the baby every day and more than once. At the same time, the cards that the child has already seen should be replaced in a timely and correct manner. If this is not done or done irregularly, the effectiveness of the technique may be significantly reduced. This becomes a problem if the parents are full-time and therefore have other responsibilities, and also if there are several children in the family.
• All children are different. Many find it difficult to sit in one place for a sufficient amount of time. Some children simply do not respond to any cards or quickly forget what they learned yesterday. Toddlers may try to pick up the demonstration material, chew it, and spoil it. In such cases, this method of teaching preschoolers to read does not work.
• In elementary school, there may be difficulties in dealing with the teacher. This often happens to those children who are not taught by traditional technologies.
• This is perhaps the main drawback. The kid is not an active participant in the process. Only one sensory system of the child is involved: only the visual one. Although the baby receives knowledge, he does not learn to reason and analyze. This method of teaching reading to a preschooler should be combined with other, more creative ones.

Step by step learning

Sequentially teaching children to read requires considerable time and effort. It would be reasonable to divide it into a number of stages, which will facilitate the process of forming a new skill for the child. You will have to go through the following steps: the process of learning and memorizing individual letters; development of the ability to read syllables, regardless of their size and complexity; learn to understand the meaning of individual words; be able to understand the meaning of the text as a whole.

Memorizing letters

At the very beginning, the traditional method of teaching preschoolers to read is based on memorizing letters. To begin with, it is important to learn to distinguish between them and recognize them among other designations. The next step is to read them.

Methodology for teaching reading to a preschooler at home recommends calling the child consonants as they are pronounced (that is, sounds), and not as they are presented in specialized books. This will speed up the process of perception and help the baby understand how to use this information in practice.

Teaching children to read at this stage involves focusing the child's attention on new material. To do this, you can hang out the image of the letters and the objects associated with them in the preschooler's room and throughout the house as a whole. It is also effective to pay attention to familiar signs in the names of signs while walking.

Reading syllables of varying complexity

This stage fully reflects Zhukova's method of teaching reading to a preschooler. It is based on the perception of a single syllable as a minimal unit. This helps to recognize and remember the connections that exist between various syllables and how they should be pronounced. At this stage, the baby, as a rule, has many difficulties. In order to help him cope with them, it is necessary to consciously make this stage of training as understandable as possible.

Most preferably it would be slow and clear, while pronouncing the words as correctly as possible and asking the child to repeat everything after you. Then the baby will get used to the correct reading option.

In no case should a child be taught to pronounce syllables separately or to himself, and only then combine them into a single whole. Unfortunately, such a habit can be fixed in the mind for a long time, and it will be extremely difficult to get rid of it. This is an important nuance of the method of teaching reading to preschoolers. Zhukova also emphasizes this in her writings.

Understanding the meaning of the word read

This stage is the basis of teaching synthetic reading. Its basis is the assimilation of meaning. This is the basis for the method of teaching preschoolers to read according to Starzhinskaya. The considered method is extremely effective and even necessary. After all, it is the understanding of the meaning of what is read that becomes the key to fluent reading in the future. By the time the child reaches this stage, the child has enough skills to learn the meaning of words effectively.

Importantso that now everything is read at approximately the same pace with which it is pronounced in ordinary daily speech. If this time is too long, then it becomes incredibly difficult for the child to guess or make sense.

You need to start slowly, gradually speeding up the pace. It should be clarified each time with the baby, the meanings of which words are unclear to him, what should be explained.

Learning to understand the meaning of the whole text

This stage completes the traditional method of teaching preschoolers. Now it's time to learn to synchronously understand the meaning of everything that the child reads. This takes a lot of time, so parents should be patient and not demand too much from the baby. Understanding content is a long and complex process.

Sometimes a child is able to read every word of a sentence absolutely correctly, but cannot comprehend its meaning. This is due to the presence in the phrase of a complex combination that fully captured all the attention of the baby. And sometimes a preschooler is simply not able to keep in mind all the parts of a sentence at the same time in order to form its meaning. You can overcome this difficulty by repeatedly rereading this text.

Another difficulty is trying to guess the meaning of the sentence from the first association. And other children begin to constantly skip or replace letters in words. This is due to the fact that the preschooler perceives some general image of the word, applying it to other similar languageunits.

You should not force your child to re-read one text over and over again. This forms an incorrect associative chain, creating an aggressively negative attitude of the baby to this process.

It is important to carefully work through each stage. How the child will read in the future and how well he writes directly depends on this.

Conclusion

The development of your children is entirely in your hands. Of course, today it is not so easy to find time to spend quality time with a child, but for parents there should be nothing more important. Therefore, the process of researching and finding a method of teaching reading that is suitable for your child should be given enough time and attention.

Sometimes there will be failures. They are inevitable. This has happened to every child, and to you too. This does not mean at all that your baby develops worse than others or that he will never learn to read fluently and understand texts clearly. These failures only indicate that the wrong choice of methodology was made, or parents pay insufficient attention to the process, or classes are held irregularly, or the essence of the method does not contribute to the concentration of attention of this particular child. In any case, you should not be angry with the baby, it is absolutely not his fault. Be humble, patient, friendly. It is important to be with the child at the same time. If you are one team, victory is near.

Many people today prefer to choose traditional teaching methods thatcombine the methods of Zhukova and Starzhinskaya, but in general they imply a phased formation of skills. Such methods have collected a huge amount of positive feedback, they are simple and reliable. Every child can learn to read with their help. Only the time needed for this can differ.

Newer methods, such as Zaitsev's cubes and the Doman method, are not suitable for every child, but this in no way detracts from their effectiveness. To implement each of them, a certain amount of props is needed, for example, a certain number of cards, cubes, tables. They are used as visual material for better perception of new information. As a rule, such methods of teaching are positively perceived by children, since the game element is obvious in them. The child does not get tired so quickly and is easily involved in the process. A special effect can be achieved if the training takes place in a group. The success of others motivates a child much more than a simple personal interest in the process.

It may not be possible to choose the appropriate technique the first time. Failure is inevitable. However, don't despair. Your child's well-being deserves all your efforts!