Sound culture of speech for preschool children

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Speech is the most important human achievement. With the help of sounds, words, expressions, additional gestures and intonation, you can communicate with other people. Proper communication is called a culture of speech. This is the ability to speak correctly, taking into account certain conditions, the purpose of the conversation, as well as the use of all linguistic means (intonation, vocabulary, grammar). The sound culture of speech is the general ability to communicate with each other.

What is a sound culture of speech?

It is part of human speech communication. The sound culture of speech combines the oral design of words. This layer is responsible for the correct pronunciation of sounds, expressions, the speed and volume of speech statements, the timbre of the voice, rhythm, pauses, logical stresses, the correct functioning of the speech motor and hearing aids, as well as the presence of a suitable environmental speech environment.

Education of the sound culture of speech contributes to the timely andthe rapid development of speech skills in preschool children. During the development of speech, speech therapists simultaneously develop vocabulary, grammatically coherent speech. Classes help children to follow their breath during pronunciation, correct its clarity, develop voice control skills slowly and intonation correctly.

How to cultivate a sound culture of speech?

The formation of correct speech in a child comes down not only to the development of the skills of correct pronunciation of sounds that speech therapists deal with, but also to the solution of many important tasks. Experienced teachers work with children in kindergarten. As a rule, they develop the sound culture of the child's speech in the following areas:

• Cultivate correct pronunciation.
• Form the clarity and clarity of the pronunciation of words that correspond to the language norms of the Russian language.
• Develop a moderate speech rate and correct breathing during pronunciation in the process of learning.
• Bring up intonation-correct pronunciation of sounds and words.
• Develop auditory attention in children.

The sound culture of speech and its implementation is carried out in two directions: with the development of different perception (rhythm, tempo, intonation, strength, speed) and the speech motor apparatus. In order to educate a child's speech culture, teachers choose the following forms of work:

• Self-study where children communicate with each other.
• Classes with preschool specialists.
• Work in the form of games, exercises.
• Music lessons.

The development of the sound culture of speech in preschool institutions continues not only in special classes, but also during a walk, morning speech gymnastics. Teachers use onomatopoeic words, poems, tongue twisters, visual material, cartoons, presentations and more.

Age of formation of sound speech in a child

It is best to start with a child at an age when he begins to actively talk and repeat words. The formation of a sound culture of speech is an important stage in preparing children for school. It is important not to miss this moment and help the child, together with kindergarten teachers, to comprehend the science of correct sound pronunciation.

Biological hearing

Since birth, a person has the ability to distinguish between sound vibrations - this is called biological hearing or perception. In humans, sounds are recognized by the outer ear, the tympanic membrane, the auditory ossicles, and the inner ear. Sound vibrations form the excitation of nerve endings and transmit information to the brain. Auditory attention is a special characteristic of a person's perceptual capabilities that helps focus on sounds, activities, or objects. For example, when a child stops his attention on a stimulus, he gets a clear sound sensation. If auditory perception is disturbed in children, this entails a decrease in attention, curiosity. The child often cries, shudders from sounds andextraneous stimuli.

How to choose the right speech therapist?

Finding a good specialist is not an easy task. Especially if the child has serious speech problems. When choosing a speech therapist, consider the following points:

• Ask a speech therapist for qualifications and experience. Explore portfolio.
• Ask your speech therapist if he has solved a specific problem.
• Find out the number and cost of classes.
• Try to understand if the person is comfortable with the speech therapist.
• How high are the guarantees of a positive result.

Remember that the high price of speech therapy does not guarantee quality work.

Sounds

The lesson on the sound culture of speech is aimed at teaching preschool children to articulate clearly and correctly. The sound "u" is taught to pronounce smoothly and for a long time on the exhale. Teachers make sure that children pronounce it with different volume and intonation. Sound training classes are held in the form of a game and special exercises that help you learn how to pronounce the sound “y” correctly. Exercise - folding the lips with a pipe and pulling them forward prepares articulation for pronunciation. In addition, teachers sing songs with the children, perform choral repetitions of sounds and much more.

Sound "z". Its development also takes place in the form of games and songs. It is studied after preschoolers learn to cope with the sound "s". Feature of itstudy is that, in addition to articulation, the vocal cords are included in the work. Usually, the sound "z" requires training in front of a mirror. During work, the teacher pronounces tongue twisters with the children, makes sentences. The development of sound culture is closely connected with phonemic hearing.

Education of sound speech in preschoolers

The sound culture of speech includes the correct diction, pronunciation, intonation, tempo, gestures, facial expressions, tone of speech, posture, motor skills during a child's conversation. If you systematically engage in the education of the pronunciation of sounds, it will be easier for a preschooler to learn in the future. That is why the upbringing methodology consists in solving the following tasks by the teacher:

• Developing the mobility of the tongue and lips during sound pronunciation.
• Formation of the ability to maintain the lower jaw in the desired position.
• Pay attention to breathing while speaking.

As a rule, preschoolers master sound speech without effort, if it is brought up in time. During this period, children borrow words and sounds in an imitative way. After all, phonetic hearing is laid at an early age. It is important not to miss the moment and direct the development of the child in the right direction.

Teaching in the middle group

The sound culture of speech in the middle group of preschoolers (age 4 to 5 years) consists of speech hearing and breathing, which are the beginning of the emergence of speech. Education in this group begins with the knowledge that was obtained earlier. The primary task of the teacher is to teach the children to clearly and correctly pronounceRussian sounds. The specialist pays special attention to hissing and whistling sounds, teaches how to correctly pronounce phrases and complex words, and forms the skill of intonational expressiveness. In addition, a speech therapist brings up a high level of development of speech hearing in children, which will help them independently change the tone of voice, highlight intonation words in sentences. The sound culture of speech in the middle group is also aimed at the development of speech breathing, phonemic perception, voice and articulation apparatus.

Teaching in the senior group

The sound culture of speech in the older group (age 6–7) continues the formation of previously acquired skills. Teachers strive to improve the development of the child's articulatory apparatus, monitor the pronunciation of sounds with the help of various exercises, develop phonemic hearing, learn to identify sound places in a word, correctly use intonation and speech tempo. Speech therapists also eliminate speech defects or shortcomings in sound pronunciation, improve the acquired skills, study examples of the correct literary pronunciation of the words of the native language. The sound culture of speech in the older group should develop good phonemic hearing in children, teach them to read words, sentences and small texts, understand the differences between terms, independently compose sentences and conduct sound analysis. Finishing education in the senior group, children are able to distinguish between vowels and consonants, sounds, their designations. As a rule, teachers prepare preschoolers for the preparatory stage,which begins before entering school.

What is a didactic game?

Didactic games in kindergarten are educational activities that help preschoolers gain new knowledge through exciting games. They are distinguished by the presence of rules, a clear structure and an evaluation system. Didactic games solve a number of tasks set by the teacher. There is a whole technique that allows you to develop phonetic hearing in a child in this form. The didactic method gradually brings up the correct pronunciation of the sounds of the Russian language and the ability to listen. All games have certain tasks, which come down to highlighting the sounds at the beginning, middle and end of the required word. For example, the game "Sound Hide and Seek" is intended for children under the age of six. This is an independent game for a group controlled by a teacher. The goal of the game is to develop attention and phonetic hearing. A ball is used as an auxiliary object. The host needs to think of a word that has a certain sound, for example "z". Then he throws the ball to the guys in turn, pronouncing different words in which this sound is present. The task of the children is to catch the ball with the words of the desired sound, and hit the rest of the "words".

What problems in the development of sound speech exist?

Modern children are much more likely to suffer from problems in the formation of sound pronunciation and speech. The reason for this is computerization, lack of communication with peers and parents. Often parents leave the child to himself, as well as toys, TV, gadgets. Experts advise reading books with children, learning poems, counting rhymes, tongue twisters. The formation of the sound culture of speech is associated with the development of fine motor skills of the fingers. In order to captivate and involve the child in learning, it is necessary to give the child tasks as often as possible to build a house out of cubes, assemble a mosaic and a colored pyramid. It is necessary to educate sound speech in a child constantly. In kindergarten, during games, walks in the park. Talk to your baby, pay attention to interesting details, such as the color of leaves and plants, count birds, look at flowers. Without an integrated approach, the formation of correctly delivered speech is impossible. This should involve both parents and preschool teachers.