What is GEF preschool education? Educational programs for preschool educational institutions

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Today's children are indeed significantly different from the previous generation - and these are not just words. Innovative technologies have radically changed the way of life of our crumbs, their priorities, opportunities and goals. What should adults do? How and what to teach kids? After all, the knowledge that teachers passed on to children a few years ago has become irrelevant today. The answer to this question is contained in such a document, which is called the "federal state standard". What is the GEF of preschool education, we will describe in detail in this article.

Federal State Educational Standard - what is it?

What does the abbreviation GEF mean? It stands for federal state standard of education. This is a document drawn up by the authorized body of the Russian Federation, which reflects the requirements for the process of practical implementation of educational activities. GEF is used in preschool educational institutions, schools, secondary specialized educational institutions and universities. In particular, it specifies the requirements, norms and recommendations for the preparation of programs for educational institutions.

FederalEducation Development Institute

In order to draw up the state standard of education, it took a colossal research and scientific work. The authorized body of the Russian Federation, which has the abbreviation FIRO, carried out such activities. The Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education also compiled this research institute.

This state body was formed back in 2004 by combining several scientific institutes. Reported directly to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. Received the status of an autonomous scientific institution in 2011.

Relevance of GEF

In order to successfully implement the educational function of the modern generation in the Russian Federation, back in 2003, at the state level, they began to discuss the need to create uniform generalized requirements for the knowledge and skills of pupils of educational institutions of various levels.

Thus, already in 2004, the first generation educational standard was created. It was introduced into the practice of various educational institutions, including the standards of the Federal State Educational Standards in preschool educational institutions.

After that, the document is regularly updated. This takes into account the development of modern technological progress and the requirements of society.

FSES is drawn up in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

What is the education standard for?

What is the GEF of preschool education, why is this document needed in a preschool educational institution? The Federal State Educational Standard was created, first of all, for systematization, logicalunification of the educational process. The document allows organizing educational work in such a way that children do not experience great difficulties when moving to a new level of education, namely, they are equipped with the necessary and sufficient knowledge, have a certain level of psychological preparation.

The Federal State Standard of Education is the main document on the basis of which curricula are developed. It is the standard that determines the content of the entire educational process: what and how to teach children, what results need to be achieved and in what time frame. The work program for the Federal State Educational Standard in the preschool educational institution has certain features, which we will discuss in detail in the appropriate section.

The document allows you to plan the work of educational institutions, which is directly reflected in their funding. Thanks to the established standards, work is also carried out with teaching staff - schedules for professional development, recertification are developed, and the work of methodological associations is organized. Various forms of monitoring the level of training of pupils are also compiled taking into account the requirements of the education standard.

Structure of the education standard

What is GEF preschool education? This is a clearly structured document of requirements for the organization of educational work in a preschool educational institution. It consists of these three levels:

1. Requirements for the preparation of an educational program. This section includes norms and criteria that must be taken into account by pedagogicalemployees when planning the educational process. Namely, the volume of mandatory approved material, the ratio of different directions is indicated. The standard also involves the introduction of additional areas, sections of knowledge into the work program, which are formed directly by the participants in the educational process. Taking into account all the requirements of the document, a program of the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education is being drawn up.
2. Requirements that provide for the implementation of the compiled program. This refers not only to the direct assimilation of knowledge and skills by pupils, but also the financial, material and technical implementation of the educational process, work with the teaching staff, parents of children and other conditions that were planned at the stage of formation of the educational program.
3. The last section, which includes the state standard of education, specifies the requirements for the results of the educational process. It also discusses different aspects of the educational process. The document indicates not only the minimum required level of training of pupils, but also the deadlines for completing the tasks, as well as the professional development of teachers.

The work program for the Federal State Educational Standard in a preschool educational institution must necessarily take into account all the requirements of the state standard of education.

Implementation of the educational standard

In the educational process, the standard is implemented in the form of basic curricula, which, in turn, should include plans, schedules, work programs for each subject. For example, the Federal State Educational Standard in mathematics at a preschool educational institutioninvolves not so much teaching numbers and counting, but rather the development of the concepts of "quantity", "group", solving life situations.

In addition to programs, on the basis of the requirements of the standard, methodological literature, control and evaluation materials are compiled.

GEF preschool education: basic

A distinctive feature of the educational standard of the new generation is a completely innovative approach to the process of educating children. If earlier the goal was to transfer knowledge from a teacher to a child, to consolidate the necessary level of skills and abilities, today the main task is to form a holistic, harmoniously developed personality. Thus, the program of the Federal State Educational Standard of preschool education should contain not so much the requirements for the knowledge of the student, but rather focus on the psychological aspect of the formation of the pupil as a participant in modern society. In accordance with this, when drawing up a program, the following factors should be taken into account:

• requirements of GEF and regional standards;
• material and technical capabilities of preschool educational institution;
• available means of organizing work;
• orientation, forms and methods of teaching in a particular educational institution;
• conditions for organizing the educational process in a preschool educational institution;
• social order of a particular area;
• type of educational institution;
• age and individual abilities of pupils.

In addition, the main educational program of the preschool educational institution according to the Federal State Educational Standard must comply with the followingconditions:

1. Do not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the law "On Education", other regional and internal orders.
2. Guarantee the preservation and promotion of children's he alth.
3. Ensure the interaction of the teacher with the family of pupils.
4. Be able to mentally and physically prepare your child for school.
5. Ensure equal conditions for education regardless of ethnicity, religion, social status, place of residence.
6. Be in line with the school curriculum.

The main goal of the GEF program

Preschool education in the context of the Federal State Educational Standard sets the main goal of the entire educational process to develop a harmonious personality of the pupil. That is, to give kids a certain amount of knowledge today is not enough. It is much more important to introduce the child to society, the rules and norms of behavior in it, as well as to develop the skills of independence, responsibility, interaction with other people, to learn to show their individual characteristics and talents, to be an active member of modern society.

Undoubtedly, it is possible to achieve such results only with a certain amount of knowledge. Therefore, teaching a child the basics of science is an equally important task of a preschool educational institution, but the criteria for assessing the assimilation of such material by children are quite flexible. Today it is not necessary to be able to read when sitting at a school desk for the first time, but it is important that a first-grader is psychologically prepared for the upcoming educational activities. Yes, babyshould be able to communicate with peers, be assiduous, have to keep attention and much more. The document outlines the targets of the GEF for preschool education.

Main areas of GEF knowledge

There are only five main directions in which the content of the educational program in preschool educational institutions should be developed:

1. Cognitive development. Children should achieve, as a result of educational activities within the planned period, a persistent research interest in the world around them, natural and social phenomena in it.
2. Speech. Depending on age, specific norms are developed for this criterion. So, in the senior group of the preschool educational institution, children should have a coherent, logically correct speech.
3. Artistic and aesthetic. This direction involves familiarization of pupils with artistic and musical works, familiarization with culture and art, as well as the development of individual creative abilities, fine motor skills.
4. The socio-psychological section implies the adaptation of a child in a group of peers, teaching the baby the rules of behavior in a group, the formation of psychological comfort and social status as a necessary element for the existence of a group.
5. Physical direction includes sports activities, wellness procedures, OBD classes in preschool educational institutions.

FSES preschool and primary education closely interact, are successive. Therefore, it is planned to work in the same areas in the lower grades of the school.

Features of compiling a work program in a preschool educational institution according to GEF

In order to start compiling an educational program in a preschool institution according to the Federal State Educational Standard, you should clearly understand the structure of the document. So, its content should consist of 2 parts:

• according to GEF in preschool educational institution;
• compiled by participants in the educational process.

The first specified part must be displayed in full. The second is advisory and is formed on an individual basis.

The program should contain the following sections:

1. Title page, which indicates the name of the program, the authors, when and by whom it was approved.
2. Explanatory note. It reveals the relevance of the selected work, the main concept of the document, the goals and objectives of the work, the timing of their implementation.
3. Daytime at preschool.
4. The content of educational work in the framework of individual areas. Including the methodological complex of work (what basic and additional programs are used, educational technologies, the availability of methodological aids). The structure of the educational work system (daily schedules, class schedules, employee work schedules, workload).
5. Expected results of work during the school year.
6. Control and evaluation work in the preschool educational institution (both for pupils and for the teaching staff).

GEF program targets

According to the requirements of the state standard of education, intermediate and final certification of knowledge is excluded in preschool educational institutions. It is important to checkmemorized facts, but the psychological readiness of the child for the next stage of education - school. In connection with this requirement, certain targets of the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education were formed, by evaluating which it is possible to determine the level of readiness of a preschooler to transfer to the first grade:

• the child shows a positive attitude towards the world around him, people and himself;
• a preschooler is able to independently determine the task, complete it;
• the initiative in games and educational activities is noted;
• achieved a conscious understanding and implementation of the rules, norms, requirements of society;
• speech is clear to others, well-formed;
• the ability to independently solve problematic or conflict situations has been developed;
• gross and fine motor skills are age appropriate;
• creativity, non-standard thinking is manifested in activities;
• the possession of volitional qualities is noted;
• the child is inquisitive, observant.

Types of educational programs

There are 2 types of basic educational programs in preschool educational institutions:

• general developmental (including various directions);
• specialized (narrowly targeted).

The first includes the programs "Rainbow", "Development", "Krokha" and others. Specialized - is environmental, artistic and aesthetic, physical, social education.

In addition to the above programs, in some preschool educational institutions additional documents are used, for examplecircle work.

In this article, we explained what the GEF of preschool education is, and how to implement the requirements in pedagogical practice. It is important for methodologists of preschool institutions to correctly convey the main requirements of the document to pedagogical workers, to teach how to apply innovations in work. After all, the Federal State Educational Standard is a document that helps organize educational activities, taking into account the social order and modern requirements of society. Through this document, a generation of our children is learning in a completely innovative way, leaving behind the beliefs of the past.