The problem of education. Features of raising boys and girls

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

The upbringing of a little person is a rather responsible and complex process in which everyone is involved: teachers, parents, society.

At all times, the problem of education was very acute, and experts, parents, and public figures tried to solve it, developing recommendations and scientific works.

But even now no single correct solution has been found. After all, every baby is an individual with its own character: excitable or calm, assiduous or restless, so it is impossible to develop a single recipe for education. It is only possible, using general fundamental principles, to apply an individual approach to the child, consistent with his innate characteristics.

What is parenting

In modern pedagogy, there are two semantic definitions of education: wide and narrow.

The concept of "education" in a broad sense is defined as a systematic, purposeful process of the joint impact of teachers and parents on both sides of a person, physical and spiritual, in such a way thatdevelop a personality, prepare for life in society and participation in all spheres of activity: cultural, industrial, social. In other words, education provides for the transfer to the child of accumulated social experience and family traditions.

At the same time, it is noted that one should not forget that the formation and development of personal characteristics is greatly influenced by the surrounding cultural environment and the environment in which a person is outside the family and school.

The concept of "education" in the narrow sense includes the development of character, moral and ethical position and positive qualities of social behavior of a member of society under the guidance of teachers and family members.

Teen parenting

In the period from eleven to eighteen years, serious changes occur in the child's body: the hormonal background makes him grow up physically. At the same time, it also affects the psycho-emotional state of children, they grow up.

In this regard, raising teenagers is a rather difficult task, which, unfortunately, not everyone is able to cope with: it requires a lot of patience, attention and understanding from the adult environment.

Changes in the child's psyche most often have the following features:

• reality is perceived as critically as possible;
• role models are new, not always positive idols;
• behavior is subject to frequent mood swings;
• one's own opinion is formed on various issues;
• depending on upbringing and environmentliving there may be a craving for crime, drug use, a persistent lack of appetite, and more.

But a serious problem of education does not arise with every teenager, and this is due not only to the individual innate qualities of the child. Of great importance in this is the previous upbringing and relationships between family members.

If a child had enough love, parental warmth, care and hugs, but at the same time the parents did not flow his whims, then the child is unlikely to have the thought of engaging in criminal activity or forgetting.

Also a big role is played by how confidentially and democratically the parents communicated with the baby. The closer the relationship was, the more likely it is that the teenager will continue to have it, which will allow him to share his experiences with his parents.

Therefore, when trying to answer the question of how to raise a teenager, one should not forget that this process begins long before the problem age arrives. A general recommendation to help parents is to become an example for a teenager.

The Importance of Family Education

Very often, children with their behavior make parents fall into a stupor: they simply do not know what to do next. And one of these character traits of a child is hysteria.

Some try to solve the problem by shouting, while others use physical force. Only the result is usually zero, and in a similar situation everything repeats.

Most often the reason for this behavior is family problemsupbringing, that is, the inconsistency and inconsistency of the actions of adults that directly affect the development of the baby. This can be expressed as:

• one time allowed to do something, and the second time it was forbidden;
• decrease in authority;
• one family member is allowed to turn on the TV loudly (stomping through puddles, jumping on the bed, not eating dinner, staying up late, etc.) while the other is not.

This happens again because each family member grew up and was brought up in different conditions and developed his own principles and rules.

Thus, everyone tries to carry out the process of education in their own way, on their own. No one has canceled a personal view of things here either, but in order not to harm the baby, it is important for everyone to coordinate their actions without conflict: discuss points of view, develop common approaches, discuss situations.

Organization of the educational process

It has long been proven that the formation of a person's personality is directly dependent on relationships and upbringing in the family, which are the fundamental basis of all subsequent life. And the attitude of a person to various life situations will depend on the reliability and strength of this foundation.

Therefore, it is important to build relationships so that the problems of family education come to naught, are resolved peacefully and have the least impact on the child.

The educational process is easiest in large families, as the attention of relatives is distributedevenly, and the elders look after the younger ones. In a large family, there is a natural adaptation to communication and life in a team, accustoming to care and friendship.

The composition and structure of the family are of paramount importance for the child. No grandparents can replace mom or dad. Therefore, the process of upbringing in single-parent families requires special attention.

When a child is aware of such a situation, it becomes painful, he can withdraw. It is important to protect the child from adult ambitions and conflicts and try to surround him with even more attention.

Patriotic education

Several years ago, due to various circumstances, there was a weakening of attention to patriotic work on the part of the state. As a result, less attention was paid to this issue in kindergartens, schools and universities.

But now the situation is changing, and the question of how to educate a patriotic personality becomes relevant again.

In pedagogy, patriotism is defined as the most important value, which is expressed not only in the historical, cultural and military-ideological aspects, but also as a spiritual, moral and social characteristic.

The implementation of patriot education is facilitated by:

• experimental research work on the history of the war years;
• organization of school museums;
• involving children in work with veterans and more.

But the contradictions and at the same time the problems of patriotic education are manifested in the fact that, if they want to carry out this work, educational institutions do not have enough conditions and opportunities forimplementation.

This concerns not only the material and technical base, but also the timely updating of teaching aids, establishing contacts with families on these issues. There is also an acute shortage of trained specialists and the most extensive media coverage of patriotism issues.

Actual problems of education

Modern pedagogy divides education into four types:

1. Dictatorship is the systematic suppression of dignity, personality and initiative by older children or adults. As a result - resistance, fears, lack of confidence and lowering self-esteem, unwillingness to do anything.
2. Non-intervention (inaction) - giving the child complete freedom. The problem of education according to this method is that it develops detachment from the family, distrust and suspicion.
3. Hyper care - is the full provision of the child and at the same time protecting him from the difficulties that arise. Using this method, parents bring up self-centeredness, lack of independence, weakness in decision-making.
4. Cooperation - based on common interests, support, joint activities. This style leads to independence, equality, family unity.

Usually in families there is a clash of all styles, which is the main problem of education.

To solve it, it is important to understand that all styles must be used. But only their symbiosis, and not confrontation, will make it possibleavoid more problems.

How to raise boys

Almost all parents of sons have a question about how to raise a boy as a decent and courageous person.

Many do not even suspect how important the care and love of the father, and not just the mother, is for the son. Men believe that they should not show such feelings, but in the meantime, they relieve tension and allow relationships to be sincere.

In our age, full of events and crises, modern children, more than ever, need to communicate with their parents.

It becomes a necessity for a boy to go to the park with his dad, ride a bike, make a birdhouse, help his mother, and you never know what other men's activities can be found! Communication with the older generation is also important. Such continuity will make it possible to transfer this style to your family in the future.

Also, classes in sports or tourism sections will be useful for the development of the boy, which will strengthen not only and not so much he alth as character.

Raising a girl

It's no secret that the characteristics of raising boys and girls are somewhat different, and this is due not only to gender, but also to life tasks.

The girl tries to be like her mother in everything, which is an example for her daughter. From her, she learns to communicate with her husband, men and others, do housework, receive guests, celebrate holidays and much more. Therefore, it is important for a mother to monitor her manner of speaking and her actions.

Also affect the upbringing of friends, relatives and acquaintances. It is important to emphasize in the eyes of the girl the positive qualities, the dignity of people and the fact that the mother would like to see them in her daughter. She will definitely try to fulfill her mother's wish.

The upbringing of teenagers requires special attention. It is necessary to try to unobtrusively be aware of the interests of the daughter at this age, to know the circle of her friends and acquaintances, in order, if necessary, to point out shortcomings and correct her attachments. To do this, you can draw the attention of girls to the heroes of books or films.

Also important for the future hostess is needlework, household chores, cooking. From her mother, she can learn how to take care of herself, style and taste in things.

A special role in the upbringing of a girl is given to the father, he must, like his mother, give her flowers, give her a hand, congratulate her on the holidays, say compliments and more. This will save the daughter in the future from fears and complexes of communication.

Theoretical foundations of education

Theory and methods of education, although they are designed to solve the same problem, but they approach this with completely different methods.

The theory of education is divided into three main groups (the rest are their derivatives):

1. Biogenic. This direction is based on the fact that personality traits are hereditary and almost never change.
2. Sociogenic. It is argued that only social factors influence the development of the individual.
3. Behavioral. It is believed that personality is skills and behavioral habits.

Apparentlyit would be fair to say that the truth lies somewhere in between.

Methods and styles of parenting

For all the years of the existence of psychology and pedagogy, many styles and methods of education have been proposed, the most popular ones will be considered in more detail.

Modern children in Japan are brought up on the principles of division into time periods, in each of which a certain set of qualities develops. Up to five years, absolutely everything is allowed, and upon reaching this age and up to fifteen years, the child is placed in a strict framework, the violation of which causes family and social censure. After fifteen years, a person is considered old enough to communicate on an equal footing.

Since the sixties of the last century, the popularity of the Nikitins' methodology, which takes the early physical development of children as the basis for harmonious education, has not diminished.

No less used Waldorf method of raising children is based on spiritual and creative development and the use of only natural materials.

Glenn Doman's Parenting Method is considered a method of early childhood development and a recipe by which geniuses are brought up. The basis of this method is development from birth. The system requires a lot of time and self-discipline from parents, but in the end it gives amazing results.

The Maria Montessori Parenting Method is another widely used system. This method consists in encouraging the child to independent actions, analysis and correction of errors. ATIn the game, he himself decides what and how much to do, and the functions of teachers are to help the child do everything himself.

The main thing for all directions is the systematic study and following one system, and not jumping on different methods.