What tasks does the math lesson in the preparatory group include?

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Mathematics in kindergarten is not only counting to ten and back. A lesson in mathematics in the preparatory group implies the development of mathematical and logical skills in each child. In the future, this base of skills and abilities will be fundamental in school education, where it is important not only to count, but also to build cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, in the preschool educational institution in mathematical classes, more attention is paid to logical problems.

What logical methods of thinking does mathematics include?

For the preparatory group, the lesson should be built in such a way as to develop the child's logical techniques or mental operations: synthesis, classification, abstraction, analogy, seriation, generalization, comparison, construction, analysis.

Analysis tasks force the child to single out one object from a group of objects. For example, find fruit from vegetables or collect only sour fruits. The child needsanalyze the properties of each item and highlight one or more for specific conditions.

Synthesis tasks require combining different features into a single whole. For example, a traditional math lesson in a preparatory group for synthesis is to search for balls from all objects, then you need to select only red balls, then collect only non-red balls. Tasks for the development of analysis and synthesis are similar.

Seriation exercises require the child to arrange rows in ascending or descending order. If in the younger group such tasks involve building pyramids, Christmas trees or nesting dolls, then in the preparatory group, children can work with numbers, shapes, sticks.

Comparison, construction, classification, generalization

Special attention is paid to the development of comparative skills so that the child can highlight the same and different features of each object. In the preparatory group, these can be tasks for selecting objects according to 2-3 signs or searching for numerous descriptive adjectives of an object (watermelon-sun, ribbon-snake).

On designing, a math lesson in the preparatory group is also held at least 2 times a week. Each time, children receive tasks with complicated conditions. For example, in the first lesson, the children did following the example of the teacher, in the second task - from memory, the third time - according to the drawing, and at the last stage the verbal general task “fold the cat” is given.

Classification and generalization are essentially the same as analysis and synthesis. Only in the first case, it is necessary to divide the objects into groups, and when generalizing, it is necessary to find similar features in the objects. For example, classification tasks include searching for items by name, shape, size, color, or several features (red buttons in a round container, and green beads in a square box). At the same time, the teacher can name the difference between the objects or give an indefinite task: “Find what is common between the objects” or “Divide the triangles into two groups”, and the child looks for signs himself.

Many preschoolers do well in any preschool math class, but fail to generalize. Therefore, it is important to ask after each task: “Why is this item in this group and not in that one”? Such questions contribute to the development of a causal relationship, the child learns to reason, build logical conclusions.

What kind of mathematical knowledge should older preschoolers master?

• Children should count to ten and back from any number.
• Preschoolers need to know what the numbers from zero to ten look like.
• Within ten, children must quickly name "neighbors" of any number.
• Children need to understand the meaning of the signs: plus, minus, greater than, less than, equal to.
• Children should compare numbers within 10 (what is more, what is less, the same).
• Preschoolers must find geometric shapes: a triangle,rectangle, square, circle.
• Children must match the picture (number of items) with the number.
• Children should group items according to a specific attribute.
• Children should compare objects by size, color, shape.
• Children should solve problems in one step for subtraction and addition.
• Children should understand terms such as later, earlier, right, up, left, down, before, between, behind, etc. e.

These are approximate mathematical ZUNs that preschoolers should master. Each specific preschool educational institution has its own program, which determines what mathematics will be like. The preparatory group (class notes are written in detail) requires more demonstration material and interesting logical tasks.

Children are not interested in solving subtraction and addition problems. They need to save the fairy-tale heroes, solving the puzzles of the villains. Therefore, the teacher needs to carefully prepare for the lesson by prescribing the program content, preliminary work, methodological techniques, demonstration and handout material, the structure and course of the lesson with direct speech and possible answers from children.