Gymnastics for a child 5 years old: types, examples of exercises

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Gymnastics plays a huge role in the development of a 5 year old child. These are not only general strengthening physical exercises, but a whole complex: respiratory, finger, articulatory exercises. The article talks about how important each type of gymnastics is, some exercises are proposed that children at 4, 5 and 6 years old will perform with pleasure. Let's start the publication with a review of regular gymnastics, during which all muscle groups are involved.

Why should I do gymnastics?

You need to deal with children from birth and the entire period of their growing up. Gymnastics for a child of 5 years old (as well as younger and older children) is necessary for physical activity, good metabolic processes, and in general it is a charge of vivacity for the whole day!

Regular classes have a positive effect on the he alth of the child. Exercise affects:

• to strengthen muscles;
• appetite increase;
• increased vitality;
• activation of internal organs (especially respiratory organs, cardiovascular system);
• develop coordination;
• correct posture formation;
• discipline;
• fortitude;
• mood boost;
• slow kids become more active, too excitable ones calm down a bit.

Basic rules

In order for a child to get the most out of gymnastics, you need to follow some recommendations based on many years of experience of physiologists, teachers and pediatricians. The rules are not at all complicated, and not only an experienced teacher, but every parent can fulfill them.

1. Classes should be held in a playful way, you can use equipment (rope ropes, balls, ribbons, gymnastic sticks).
2. Must be general strengthening gymnastics for children 5 years old. Compose exercises so that when they are performed, all muscle groups are alternately involved.
3. Duration of classes - no more than 15 minutes. During this time, the child must complete 8 to 10 exercises.
4. Change exercises from time to time, otherwise the child will become uninteresting and bored.
5. One exercise should be repeated 10-15 times, then be sure to take a break for 30 seconds.

Sample exercises

To make it more interesting for your child to study, be sure to turn on the music in the background. Clothing should be comfortable for exercise, made from natural fabrics. The room must be good.ventilated, but without drafts. Gymnastics for children 5-6 years old consists of blocks. It all starts with a warm-up, continues with the main complex, then the final stage. We suggest using the following exercises.

First block:

1. Walking in a circle, while swinging the arms to the sides (the birds flew).
2. Stand up. Hands should be put on the shoulders, rotate the shoulders first several times forward, then back.
3. Head tilts: forward, backward, right, left.
4. Circular head movements.
5. Tilts of the body.
6. Squats.

Second block:

1. Put your hands on the belt, rotate the body with maximum retraction.
2. Forward bends with a straight back and a raised head (you get a 90 degree bend of the body): one, two, three, straightened up, repeat 10-12 times.
3. Hands up, lower sharply.
4. Take turns jumping on one leg.
5. In turn, put one leg forward, bending the knee, take the other back as far as possible.
6. Sit on the floor, spread your legs wide, tilt your torso and pull the handles to the toe of one leg, then to the other.

Third block:

1. Tossing the ball around.
2. Tossing the ball to the floor.
3. Marching in circles or walking with gymnastic ribbons (waving overhead).

Breathing exercises for children 5 years old

The purpose of the exercises is to improve the he alth of preschool children. The value of breathing exercises for a 5-year-old child is very high, as exercises affect:

• to saturate every cell of the body with oxygen, which is impossible with normal breathing;
• the ability of preschool children to control breathing;
• strengthening overall he alth (exercise has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract);
• improvement of brain function due to deep saturation of the body with oxygen.

Besides all this, breathing exercises are a great way to prevent respiratory diseases.

Gymnastics rules

There are children for whom exercise is contraindicated, so you should consult a doctor. Gymnastics should be done twice a day, one lesson is from 10 to 30 minutes. At first, exercises may seem difficult for preschoolers, but the goal of the teacher is to teach children how to perform them correctly, to fill their lungs with air as much as possible. It is imperative to master the skill of fully releasing the lungs, because children who do not exhale completely leave exhausted, harmful air inside themselves.

Basic rules of breathing exercises for children 4-5 years old:

1. Classes are held no later than an hour before meals.
2. In order for children to show interest in exercises, they need to be interestingly called (we will give examples later).
3. Use toys during exercise.
4. It is more productive to do breathing exercises outside, but only in warm weather. In the period of cold weather, they are engaged only in warm,pre-ventilated area. Clothing for classes should be comfortable, and the acceptable air temperature should be from +17 to +22 degrees.
5. Only regular exercise will give a positive result.
6. The first loads should be light, then the exercises become more difficult.
7. First sessions no more than 10 minutes, increase by 5 minutes every week until you reach 30 minutes.

Execution technique

The basis of the exercises is an extended exhalation, which is combined with physical exercise. This is achieved by pronouncing different sounds when performing exercises: on a sharp exhalation: ah, oh, uh, fu, ha, and so on.

Example of exercises

Breathing exercises for a child of 5 years old (as well as 4 and 6 years old) may contain the following exercises:

1. "Balloon". The child needs to imagine that he does not have a stomach, but a balloon that needs to be inflated. Let him lie on a flat surface, place a toy on his stomach (so it will be more interesting for the baby to observe the process, to understand it). It is necessary to slowly inflate the tummy through the nose until it becomes full. The breath is held for 2-3 seconds, then the "ball" is slowly completely blown away through the mouth. To make sure that there is no air left in the lungs, the child should push the last out sharply, maybe several times, with the sounds "hu", "ha" and so on.
2. "Diver". The kid needs to imagine that he dives into the sea, and for this he needs totake in more air (once through the mouth), hold it for as long as possible, when "surfacing" release all the air through the mouth.
3. "Yellow dandelion, white dandelion." Let the baby imagine that he has a yellow dandelion in his hand, and start inhaling the "aroma" deeply through his nose. Suddenly the dandelion turned white, now you need to blow it off, releasing the accumulated air through your mouth.
4. Hands along the body, a series of sharp breaths is quickly taken, filling the lungs with air, the hands are clenched into fists with each. On one long exhalation, raise your arms up and shake your hands.

There are a lot of exercises, use real balloons, basins of water and paper boats, "races" of pencils on the table (two pencils on the table, children blow on them so that they start rolling, the one that is faster is the one won).

Finger gymnastics

Pediatricians, psychologists, educators, anthropologists and neurosurgeons urge parents to do finger exercises with their children. Why is this needed? It has already been proven that both physical and mental development depend on how developed the fine motor skills of the hands are, the fingertips of children are involved in the work. Such gymnastics is needed for preschoolers, as it is the generation of activity:

• muscular;
• auditory;
• physical;
• creative;
• cognitive;
• imitative;
• visual-spatial;
• verbal and mental;
• auditory.

Developmental exercises

There are many finger exercises for 4-5 year olds. You can just arrange a shadow theater every day, where the heroes will be pens and fingers (you need to set them so that the shadows look like various animals or figures). And you can perform other exercises, but everything is only in the form of a game:

1. "Tsap-scratches". Children introduced themselves as cats and cats, hands clenched at the elbows, hands at head level. Four fingers need to be pressed to the top of the palm with pads, and the big one should be pressed against the bent index finger - these are cat's paws. We try to press our fingers strongly, and then we open our palms sharply, the fingers are tense in a position, as if the cat were releasing its claws. Repeat the exercise several times.
2. "The barbel beetle". Brushes into fists, we release the index finger and little finger (“Goat”) on the sides, you can run around, moving your fingers, and at the same time buzzing “zhzhzhzhzh”. Then we open our palms and fly!

You can squeeze and unclench your fingers, let the child "walk" on your palm with his fingers, "draw" with them.

Articulation gymnastics for children 5-6 years old

Some parents may find it funny that their children mispronounce certain words. But this is a problem with the articulatory apparatus, and you need to start doing gymnastics to improve it. The exercises are aimed at developing the tongue, lips, jaws, larynx and so on.

Incorrect pronunciation of words can be a reason forjokes on a child in kindergarten, and this injures the psyche. Articulation gymnastics for children 4-5 years old, as well as 6- and 7-year-olds, can be carried out not only by professional speech therapists, but also by simple teachers, parents.

Exercises for articulation gymnastics

Repeat each of the proposed exercises 10-15 times.

1. "Proboscis". Children should be invited to play elephants, fold their lips with a proboscis, buzz for a second, return their lips to their normal position.
2. "Needle". Children are invited to play with a tongue in a needle: open their mouths wide, and make movements with their tongues, like a needle when sewing. Then close the mouth, but open the jaws as much as possible, there should be a lot of space in the mouth (only the lips are compressed). With your tongue you need to "stab" in turn one cheek, then the other.
3. "Hamster". Playing hamster is easy, you need to inflate your cheeks as much as possible, hold them like that for 5 seconds, then sharply clap your hands on your cheeks, blowing them away.

Any gymnastics for a child of 5 years old is important. Do not be lazy to engage with the baby, because with the help of exercises, he becomes he althier, faster and develops better.