What should a child know at 3? Age features of children 3 years old. The development of the speech of a child of 3 years

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Most modern parents pay a lot of attention to the early development of children, realizing that up to three years the child learns easily during the game, and after that it becomes much more difficult for him to learn new information without a good initial base. And many adults face the question: what should a child know at 3 years old? You will learn the answer to it, as well as everything about the developmental features of children at this age from this article.

Caution: crisis of three years

The crisis of three years is considered one of the first age-related crises of a child, it proceeds differently for everyone, but it still takes place. It is connected with the fact that at this age the process of becoming a baby's self-awareness begins - the old picture of reality becomes obsolete, and a new one comes in its place. In order to avoid unnecessary conflicts, stress and know how to help the child during this period, it is importantunderstand the following age characteristics of children 3 years old:

• There is a need for independent activity: the child is separated from adults, and reality, previously limited mainly by objects and the family circle, becomes the world of adults.
• The child begins to oppose himself to adults, ceases to obey and protests against the norms of behavior instilled earlier.
• It is during this period that the baby learns the difference between "I want" and "should", and deliberate actions begin to prevail over impulsive ones.
• At this age, self-esteem is actively developing, which is greatly influenced by the attitude of adults.

New Features

But in addition to the complexities of behavior, useful features of a 3-year-old child appear that increase the ability to learn:

• Communicative readiness: the child begins to interact with other people, guided by rules and norms.
• Cognitive Readiness: Imaginative thinking develops so children can think about and compare things even when they can't see them.
• Emotional development: the child begins to manage emotions, including coping with aggression.
• The ability to count and read appears.

Interacting with the surrounding reality, the child learns the world and develops, the task of adults is to help him. When teaching, it is important to take into account and use the zone of proximal development: something the child can do with the help ofadults, and what he learned to do on his own should become a passed stage in time.

Assessment of speech development

Until the age of five, speech develops very intensively, so it is important to control whether the child is lagging behind, and if necessary, help him. To assess the development of speech, there is the following list of what a child should know at 3 years old:

• Vocabulary is about a thousand words.
• When designating objects, people and animals, full words are practically used, not sounds or abbreviated versions.
• Distinguishes and correctly uses prefixed verbs (ran, ran, ran out).
• He knows how to name objects using generic words ("fruit" instead of "pear" and "apple").
• Knows the names of the parts of objects (can tell that the pot has a bottom and handles).
• Matches words and understands what synonyms are.
• Makes up his own words from the ones he already knows.
• Pay attention to the incorrect pronunciation of other children, while the sounds themselves may also be pronounced incorrectly.
• Can speak in a way that any adult can understand.

How to develop coherent speech

Further development of the speech of a child of 3 years old includes: increasing vocabulary, training the correct pronunciation of sounds and building sentences. The main goal of all classes is to improve coherent meaningful speech. To do this, you can engage in special magazines-allowances withcolorful pictures and exercises.

Unfortunately, you can’t count on a child’s perseverance for a long time, but you can remember the main tasks for children 3 years old and perform them using concepts from real life:

• At home, you can name objects and select generalizing words using toys, shoes, dishes and any other things as an example.
• During a walk, you can say adjectives to your child and ask them to find objects that correspond to them, for example, "tall" (the baby points to the house) or "red" (maybe a car). The advantage of this exercise is that the baby can find much more suitable things in the real world than in the pictures.
• On the street and at home, you can ask your child questions about the objects that he sees, for example, where they are, what color, why others are needed.

Learn poems

At three years old, a child should be able to memorize and repeat 3-4 words that an adult said. Thanks to this ability, you can begin to learn poetry. They train memory, attention, develop speech, enrich vocabulary, expand ideas about the world, and also help the child grow purposeful and be able to complete the work begun.

A rhyme for children 3 years old should not be too long: two quatrains are enough. Before starting to learn a poem, an adult should expressly tell it and discuss the content with the child. If desired, you can draw pictures to the text. Each quatrain learns according to one pattern: an adult slowlypronounces the first line and asks the child to repeat after him until he remembers it. Then the second line is learned and connected to the first, then the third is added to the first two. Then the last one is remembered, and the first quatrain is ready. When the two parts are memorized, they are combined and the whole verse is read.

Easy rhyme for children 3 years old about the onset of winter:

I went to the window in the morning, I was surprised: Well, well!

I went to bed in the fall, The world changed overnight!

White coats put on

Both trees and houses.

This means reallyWinter came to us at night!"

The very first mathematical concepts

The first acquaintance with mathematics begins much earlier than it seems, and the further relationship of the child with this complex science depends on how successful it will be. The following list of what a child should know in the field of mathematics at the age of 3 will help to assess the completeness of the representations:

• Be able to compare objects by width, length, thickness and height.
• Use the concepts "many" and "one" in speech, correctly coordinate them with nouns.
• Be able to count up to three on fingers.
• Know and name the basic geometric shapes: square, circle, triangle and compare objects by shape.
• Know and use concepts in speech: small, big, less and more.
• Be able to compare the number of items.
• To be able to find a pair for a given attribute.

Checking knowledge about the world around us

Some parents underestimate the capabilities of their three-year-old children and do not give the necessary amount of load, and intensive classes begin during the period of preparation for school and face the child's reluctance to study, because cognitive activity has already died out. To prevent such problems, it is important to find out in time what a child of 3 years old should know about the world around him, and, if necessary, fill in the gaps.

A child at this age should:

• Know what domestic and wild animals look like and are called.
• Understand who birds, insects and fish are, and be able to name three or four representatives of each class.
• Know three or four names of trees and flowers.
• Be able to distinguish between fruits, vegetables, mushrooms and berries, as well as know their basic names.
• Be aware of natural phenomena such as wind, rain, rainbows, snow.
• Know and be able to name parts of the day.
• Be aware of the materials of which the surrounding things are made.

Assessing the development of thinking and motor skills

A three-year-old child should be able to do the following:

• collect an image from 2-4 parts;
• see and explain the discrepancy in the picture;
• determine an extra item and justify your choice;
• explain how things are similar and different;
• cut paper with scissors;
• separate pieces from plasticine and make sausages and balls out of them;
• draw dots, circles and variousline types;
• do finger gymnastics.

How to develop fine motor skills

The most useful for the development of motor skills is modeling for children 3 years old, but the child begins to show interest in it much earlier, for example, when he enthusiastically smears porridge on the table. You can sculpt from plasticine or puff pastry. Classes also help to develop speech and consolidate existing ideas about the world. You can sculpt if you wish, at least every day, but twice a week is enough. To make the lessons more fun and not too difficult for the child, you can make blanks from paper bases and select suitable stories or poems.

The purpose of the first experience with plasticine: to teach the child to tear off pieces from it and sculpt them on paper, you can draw trees and decorate them with colorful leaves. In the second lesson, you need to learn how to roll balls, you can decorate the Christmas tree with New Year's toys. During the third lesson, the child will practice rolling out sausages that can be used to make rainbows or Olympic rings. For the age of three, these simple tricks are enough.

Of course, all children are individual and have different levels of ability. But it depends on the parents how these abilities will be used. It is important to closely monitor the progress of the child, evaluate his level of development and constantly give new and more complex, but no less interesting tasks for children of 3 years old in a playful way.