The concept of spiritual and moral education: definition, classification, stages of development, methods, principles, goals and objectives

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Spiritual and moral education is the process of studying and assimilation of basic national values, public domain systems, as well as cultural, moral, spiritual traditions of the peoples and nations living in Russia, established in pedagogy. The development of the concept of moral education of society is very important for the country and the people as a whole.

Detailed definition of the concept

Spiritual and moral education occurs during the socialization of a person, the consistent expansion of his horizons and the strengthening of value-semantic perception. At the same time, a person develops and begins to independently evaluate and, on a conscious level, build the main moral and moral norms, determine the ideals of behavior in relation to the people around him, the country and the world.

In any society, the concept of spiritual and moral education of a citizen's personality becomes the determining factor. At all times, education played an important role and was a kind of foundation, with the help of which the new generation was introduced intoestablished society, became part of it, followed the traditional way of life. New generations continued to preserve the norms of life and traditions of their ancestors.

Currently, when educating a person, they rely mainly on the development of the following qualities: citizenship, patriotism, morality, spirituality, a tendency to follow democratic views. Only when the described values are taken into account in education, people will be able not only to exist in a civil society in a civil society, but also independently strengthen and move it forward.

Morality and spirituality in education

The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of primary school students is an essential element of educational activities. For each child, an educational institution becomes an environment for adaptation, the formation of morality and guidelines.

It is at a young age that a child socializes, develops spiritually and mentally, expands the social circle, shows personality traits, determines his inner world. Younger age is usually called the time when personal and spiritual qualities are formed.

The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of a citizen is multi-stage and complex. It includes the value-normative interaction of the school with other subjects of the child's socialization - with the family, additional developmental institutions, religious organizations, cultural circles and sports clubs. This interaction is aimed atdevelopment of a child's spiritual and moral qualities and the upbringing of a true citizen.

On the basis of the federal state educational standard of primary general education, a unified program of primary education has been created. It directly affects the design and setting of the primary school education process and aims to contribute to the general culture, the formation of social, intellectual and moral perception, the development of creative manifestations of schoolchildren, self-improvement, maintaining good he alth and ensuring safety.

In the concept of spiritual and moral education of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary Education, much attention is paid to the education of the child and his development as a person, not only in the process of educational activities, but also at the rest of the time.

Goals of upbringing and classification

The national values of the people, which over the course of many years have been passed down from generation to generation through cultural, family, social, and historical traditions, will be decisive in the compiled training program. The main goal of education is the moral and spiritual development of a person in the context of constant updating and improvement of the educational program, which sets itself the following tasks:

1. To help the child in self-development, understanding himself, getting on his feet. This contributes to the development of the personality of each student, the realization of his type of thinking and general outlook.
2. To provide all the conditions for the formation in children of the right attitude towards spiritualvalues and traditions of the Russian people.
3. Supporting the emergence of creative inclinations in a child, artistic thinking, the ability to independently determine what is bad and what is good, set goals and go towards them, schedule their actions, determine basic needs and desires.

The concept of spiritual and moral education determines the totality of processes that are implemented:

• while studying directly at the educational institution;
• out of school hours;
• when outside of school.

Over the years, teachers have faced more and more new challenges and requirements. When raising a child, it is important to rely on the good, valuable, eternal. The teacher must combine moral qualities, knowledge, wisdom - all that he can convey to the student. Everything that can help to bring up a real citizen. Also, the educator helps to reveal the spiritual qualities of the child, instill in him a sense of morality, the need to resist evil, teach him to make the right and informed choice. All these abilities are essential when working with a child.

Development methods and main sources

The concept of spiritual and moral education in Russia represents the main national values. When compiling them, they relied mainly on morality and those areas of the public that play the greatest role in education. Traditional sources of morality include:

1. Patriotism. It includes love andrespect for the motherland, service to the Fatherland (spiritual, labor and military).
2. Tolerant attitude towards others and other nations: national and personal freedom, equality, trust in others. This also includes the following personal qualities: benevolence, sincerity, dignity, the manifestation of mercy, justice, a sense of duty.
3. Citizenship - a person as a member of civil society, a sense of duty to the motherland, respect for elders, for one's family, law and order, freedom of choice of religion.
4. Family. Attachment, love, he alth, financial security, respect for the elder, care for the sick and children, reproduction of new family members.
5. Creativity and labor activity. A sense of beauty, creativity, perseverance in undertakings, diligence, setting goals and achieving them.
6. Science - learning new things, discoveries, research, gaining knowledge, ecological understanding of the world, drawing up a scientific picture of the world.
7. Religious and spiritual manifestations: an idea of faith, religion, the spiritual state of society, drawing up a religious picture of the world.
8. Literature and art: a sense of beauty, a combination of beauty and harmony, the spiritual world of man, morality, morality, the meaning of life, aesthetic feelings.
9. Nature and everything that surrounds a person: life, homeland, the planet as a whole, wildlife.
10. Humanity: the struggle for world peace, a combination of a large number of peoples and traditions, respect for other people's opinions and views, development of relationships with other countries.

Basic values, which are described in the concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the individual, are exemplary. The school, when drawing up its program for the upbringing and development of schoolchildren, can add additional values that will not violate the ideals established in the concept and that will not interfere with the educational process. An educational institution, when developing a training program, can focus on certain groups of national values, based on the age and characteristics of students, their needs, the requirements of parents, the region of residence and other factors.

In this case, it is important that the student gets a full understanding of national values, can perceive and accept the moral and spiritual culture of the Russian people in full diversity. National value systems help to recreate the semantic space for personal development. In such a space, barriers between certain subjects disappear: between school and family, school and the public sphere. The creation of a single educational space for primary school students is carried out with the help of a number of targeted programs and subprograms.

Stages of curriculum development

When creating a curriculum, experts recommend using the concepts of spiritual and moral education of a Russian citizen. The entire document was drawn up in accordance with the Constitution of the country and the law "On Education". Most of all, the following issues are considered in the concept:

• student model;
• main learning objectives, conditions and achieved results of education;
• structural additions and main content of the child-rearing program;
• description of the main values of society, as well as the disclosure of their meaning.

There are separate issues, which are described in more detail in the concept. These include:

• detailed description of all the main tasks of education and upbringing;
• direction of educational and educational activities;
• organization of training;
• ways to instill spirituality and morality in a child.

Specialists note that it is important to carry out educational activities through a set of procedures. They should take place both during class activities and outside school hours. The school should not exert such an influence only through its own efforts, teachers should closely communicate with the child's family and with teachers of public institutions in which he is additionally engaged.

Spiritual and moral education during the lesson

Traditionally, during the lesson, the teacher is obliged to carry out not only educational and training activities, but also to have an educational effect. The same rule is established in the concept. The training will include solving the problems of education during the teaching of subjects at both the basic and additional levels.

Best for the development of spiritual and moral qualities are disciplines that are related to the humanitarian and aesthetic spheres. But educational activity can extend to other subjects. When conducting a lesson, you can use the following techniques:

• give children examples of great artwork and art;
• describe heroic events from the history of the state and other countries;
• include interesting excerpts from documentaries and feature films, educational cartoon fragments for children;
• allowed to invent special role-playing games;
• to communicate through discussions and discussion of different points of view;
• create difficult situations from which the child must independently find a way out;
• solve specially selected problems in practice.

For each school subject, you can apply certain forms of implementation of educational activities. All of them help the teacher to educate the child in morality and develop spiritual qualities.

Out-of-school activities

The plan for instilling in the child the main cultural values and morality will include extracurricular educational work. These include:

• holidays at school or with family;
• general creative activities;
• correctly composed interactive quests;
• educational television programs;
• interesting contests;
• formal disputes.

Extracurricular activities also implies the use of various organizations of additional education. These include:

• mugs;
• educational clubs for children;
• sport sections.

Maincultural practice is an active element in extracurricular activities. It includes the idea of a cultural event with the active participation of the child in it. Such an event helps to expand the horizons of the baby, give him life experience and the skill to creatively interact with culture.

Social practice

Spiritual and moral education of a child within the framework of the GEF program contains social practice. It is important to hold such events so that children can participate in solving important social and social problems. This will help to develop a student's active social position, competence. The child will receive an experience that is important for every citizen.

When raising a child outside of school, it is important to carry out the following activities:

• environmental and labor procedures;
• excursions and trips;
• charitable and social events;
• military events.

Family education

The family is the basis for the development of spiritual and moral qualities in a student, the school only helps to significantly strengthen this process. It is very important, using the principle of cooperation and interaction, to establish close contact between the student's family and the educational institution. To do this, it is best to spend holidays with the whole family, do creative homework, during which the student will receive help from parents, include the child's parents in activities after school hours.

Also importantto pay close attention to the quality of the upbringing of the child by the family, to help spiritually and morally educate the parents themselves. For this, it is best to hold special lectures, discussions and seminars for the parents of the child.

Cultural foundations of religion

This area of the concept of spiritual and moral education of the personality of a Russian citizen is important for familiarizing the child with the historical and cultural orders of the country's religion. It is important for schoolchildren to know about the historical and cultural traditions, values not only of their people, but also of other world religions. It is important to instill in the child a tolerant attitude towards other nations and beliefs. Such procedures can be carried out through:

• teaching humanities;
• adding individual electives or courses with religious foundations to the educational program;
• creation of religious circles and sections.

It is also best for teachers to interact with religious organizations that will organize the work of Sunday schools and conduct educational classes.

The importance of the concept of spiritual and moral education of the individual cannot be underestimated. If the educational institution does not hold all important events, then the student may be under the negative influence of the family, informal youth groups or the open Internet space. It is very important to properly promote the formation of a citizen and a patriot, as this will affect the future of society and the whole country.