Finger gymnastics for the older group: types, names, goals, tasks, rules and techniques for doing exercises by children

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

For every parent, undoubtedly, the development of his child is important. It is important that development be uniform and timely. It is known that all mental processes are interconnected and very often develop in a complex. Even the exercises and games themselves involve the simultaneous development of several processes. These exercises also include finger gymnastics.

During its implementation, not only the development of fine motor skills and coordination actions of the fingers occurs, but speech is also improved. This process is most necessary in the older preschool age, because speech during this period needs increased attention from adults. At this age, it is especially necessary to expand the child's vocabulary, translate the passive vocabulary into an active one, monitor the correct pronunciation, etc. Let's see why finger gymnastics is so good and useful for older children.

What is this?

Finger gymnastics isa set of gaming exercises based on the staging of texts of varying complexity (poems, nursery rhymes, stories, etc.) with the help of fingers. These exercises have a complex developmental impact, as they improve not only speech activity, but also the entire higher nervous activity (HNA) as a whole. This type of gymnastics is extremely useful for children with developmental delays.

What are the benefits of finger games?

Such exercises have a positive effect on the thinking of the child. In the process of performing movements and pronouncing the text, the efficiency of the cerebral cortex increases and the zones necessary for thinking are stimulated.

Finger gymnastics also develops the emotional-volitional sphere of the child. Thanks to this, the child learns to imitate the actions of adults, understand instructions, force himself to perform the necessary actions, listen to the speech of adults, understand it and pronounce the text on his own. In addition, this technique can be used to create a favorable atmosphere, to get to know the child, or as an organizational moment before class.

Also, children develop attention, in particular arbitrary. This skill will greatly help your child in school, because thanks to voluntary attention, the child will be able to purposefully master the school curriculum.

As we have already understood, speech develops when using finger games. When a child simply listens to your accompaniment, it helps him to perceive the correct literary speech by ear andunderstand the meaning of phrases. This skill will be useful in school when it will be necessary to analyze poems. But when the child pronounces the accompanying text himself, this will help to make the speech clear, beautiful, rhythmic and bright.

Memory during these exercises also develops, because the child needs to remember the position of the fingers, the order of movements and the text.

In addition, processes such as fantasy and imagination are affected, because it is not necessary to adhere to a certain text, you can invent whole stories yourself, show finger ideas.

In the process of regular use of finger gymnastics, the movements of the child's fingers become more coordinated, the range of motion increases, the fingers themselves become strong and strong, and this will help in the future when mastering the letter.

The mechanism of the impact of finger gymnastics on the brain

The indicator of the formation of a child's speech is always associated with the degree of development of finger motor skills. You can diagnose the level of speech development only by looking at how the child performs finger exercises. It is known that in children with a delay in the development of speech, the fingers are weak, inactive, and their movements are inaccurate and inconsistent.

When a child performs rhythmic finger movements, the coordinated work of the frontal (Broca's area) and temporal (Wernicke's area) parts of the brain increases, that is, speech zones develop due to impulses that come from the fingers. Exercise leads to excitement in the speech zones.

In the cerebral cortex, motor and speech centers are the closest neighbors. When performing movements of the fingers and hands, excitation from the motor center passes to the speech centers of the cortex, which leads to a sudden increase in the efficiency of the speech zones.

It's safe to say that finger gymnastics training promotes children's speech development.

Finger gymnastics in senior preschool age

Intensive development of oral speech begins when the movements of the fingers reach their maturity. V. M. Bekhterev always pointed out the relationship between the development of manual motor skills and speech.

At every age, fine motor skills of the hands have characteristic features, and E. M. Mastyukova described them as follows:

1. At 1-2 years old, a child can hold up to two objects in one hand, perform certain drawings with a pencil, turn the cardboard pages of children's books, put cubes in the form of a tower, one by one, fold a pyramid.
2. At 2-3 years of age, a child is already able to open a box and pour out its contents, play with materials such as sand and clay, draw patterns with his fingers, string beads, build more complex figures from cubes. Also, the child is more confident in holding the pencil with his fingers.
3. From 3 to 5 years old, a child already draws with crayons, is able to fold paper, makes crafts from plasticine, identifies objects in a bag with a tactile way, and can lace up shoes by himself.

However, the development of motor functions is notstops at 5 years old, it continues until 6-7 years of age, or even does not stop at all, because even adults can improve their fine motor skills with the help of embroidery, beadwork and other things.

It can be concluded that it is possible to do finger gymnastics with a child from the age of one, but the most suitable age for this is senior preschool.

Types of finger gymnastics

Finger gymnastics for the senior group involves performing three groups of exercises:

1. Exercises for the hands that promote the development of imitative ability, tense and relax the muscles of the hand, learn to maintain a static position and switch from one position to another.
2. Static finger exercises require more precise movements.
3. Dynamic finger exercises develop differentiated coordination of movements.

For older children, finger gymnastics can be divided into passive and active. Passive is well suited for the initial preparatory stage of work, and is also useful in working with speechless children. It includes a massage of the hands and fingers. It should not give children any discomfort, since it mainly involves stroking and light massaging. Massage is designed to prepare and warm up the muscles of the hands. It can be used as a technique for establishing psycho-emotional contact with the child during the introductory conversation. However, here you need to be very careful not to frighten the child,because not all children allow strangers to touch them.

Active finger gymnastics for the senior group includes the groups of exercises described above.

Also, finger gymnastics can be divided into the corresponding varieties by content:

1. Manipulation games like "Magpie-white-sided", "We shared an orange", "My family". With their help, the child develops imagination, as it is necessary to imagine other images instead of fingers.
2. Story finger games. You can use a variety of themes and come up with mini-stories.
3. Finger kinesiology exercises such as "Fist-rib-palm", "Ear-nose", in which it is necessary to change the position of the hands at a given pace.
4. Finger exercises with elements of massage, where they use such techniques as warming up, rubbing, pressure, pinching (from the periphery to the center).
5. Finger exercises with sound, which can be individual sounds and syllables, nursery rhymes, stories or poems.

Purpose of finger exercises

The purpose of finger gymnastics in the senior group is to combat mental fatigue, relieve tension in the articulatory apparatus, increase body tone and a general healing and developing effect.

Problems of finger games

Among the tasks that are implemented in the process of using finger gymnastics are the following:

1. Intensive development of speech.
2. Correction of speechviolations.
3. Preparing the hand to master the skill of writing.
4. Development of the HPF.
5. Development of the emotional-volitional sphere.

Rules and technique for performing exercises

When doing finger gymnastics with children, specific rules should be followed:

1. Include all types of exercises in gymnastics and work out all exercises sequentially, starting with the first group.
2. Game manipulation should gradually become more difficult.
3. To start the game you need the desire of the child himself.
4. You can't use gymnastics if you yourself are tired and the child is not feeling well.
5. It is unacceptable to tire a child while playing.

As in any activity, there is a certain sequence of stages in carrying out finger gymnastics for the senior group of kindergarten:

1. At first, the teacher simply demonstrates the game to the child.
2. Next, the teacher shows the game on the child's fingers.
3. The teacher and the child perform the movements together, while the adult himself pronounces the accompaniment text.
4. The child performs actions independently with the necessary help from the teacher who says the words.

The method of finger gymnastics at this age also has its own specifics:

• immediately before gymnastics, you need to carry out preparatory work with the child: discuss the topic and content, work out the required gestures and finger compositions;
• it is necessary to carry out warming manipulations, for example, lightstroking hands until the child feels warm;
• exercises are performed at a leisurely pace, from 3 to 5 times, first with each hand separately, and then with both hands at the same time;
• doing the exercises, you must use all the fingers of the hand;
• important during the game to monitor the correct execution of movements;
• the exercises performed should bring the child pleasant sensations and joy, and not cause discomfort;
• instructions and corrections during gymnastics should be given in a calm, friendly tone, briefly, clearly and clearly;
• if needed, individual children should be helped.

Examples of finger gymnastics for senior group

For children of this age, finger gymnastics is carried out mainly before the start of drawing, modeling or appliqué classes, however, if a group in kindergarten has a speech therapy or defectological profile, then finger gymnastics in this case can be carried out at any time. In addition, this type of gymnastics can be carried out not only individually with a child, but also in a group of children. Also, during the exercises, various materials can be used (su-jok, balls with spikes or various fillers, small balls, natural materials: nuts, chestnuts, pebbles, acorns, etc.).

For greater efficiency, a complex of finger gymnastics is carried out in the older group, which is based on lexical topics covered in the classroom. In poetic form, it is better to memorize all kinds ofitems. It is advisable to use games with the names of months, days of the week, seasons, body parts. Even for an adult, it is easier to remember complex names and rules, especially if there are a lot of them, if they are presented in an interesting poetic form. The set of movements and thematic verses contribute to the activation of the passive vocabulary, increase interest in the topic being studied.

For example, finger gymnastics "Spring" in the senior group can be held for four weeks. However, during this time it is necessary to change game exercises and complicate tasks. Finger gymnastics "Insects" in the senior group can be applied at different times of the year. Here, in poetic form, you can study insects that do not sleep in winter or wake up in spring, as well as those that are found only in summer. You can also divide insects into dangerous and safe. Finger gymnastics on the topic "Transport" in the senior group can be carried out at the beginning of the school year, in the middle and at the end (to check the learned material), as well as when studying a certain type of transport.

As you can see, the subject of finger games can be varied, and the range of application varies depending on the tasks being solved or the desire of the child himself. Finger exercises are such a flexible material for the development of a child's HMF that it can be used at any time and on any topic, in any case, it will have a developing and healing effect.

The following are some examples of gymnastics. For example,finger gymnastics "Pisces" in the senior group:

Five cute little fish

Fun in the river, (hands pressed together with palms, slightly rounded; floating movements are performed in the air)

A big hit

Log on the sand, (hand position is the same; turn them from side to side)

And the fish says:

"It's easy to dive here!" (the position of the hands is the same, a diving movement is performed in the air)

The second one said:

"But it's deep here" (shaking hands from side to side).

And the third yawned:

"So sleepy!" (the position of the hands is the same, turn the outer side of one of the hands).

Fourth became

Freeze a little (depicting shaking with hands).

And the fifth said:

There is a crocodile! (the position of the hands is the same, we imitate the opening and closing of the crocodile's mouth).

Sail away quickly, So as not to swallow! (hands are closed again, we imitate swimming away fish).

But the finger gymnastics "Animals" in the senior group:

We will now tell you (clench and unclench fingers into a fist)

About cubs and mothers: (for each name, bend your fingers)

The cat has beautiful kittens, The dog has naughty puppies, A cow has piebald calves.

The rabbit has cowardly rabbits, And mom has naughty kids.

Finger gymnastics "Spring" in the senior group:

The woodpeckers are getting louder and louder, Titmouse came out to sing (we fold our fingers with a "beak", shake them).

The sun comes out in the morning, To warm the earth (hands represent a "bucket", raise your hands above your head and open the bucket like the sun, the edges of the palms remain pressed).

The sun comes out in the morning, To warm the earth (the movements are the same).

Streams flow downhill, All the snow has already disappeared (we imitate flowing streams - hands are turned palms down, fingers together, perform smooth wave-like movements from top to bottom).

And from under the yellow grass (hands again represent the "bucket")

A flower is already growing… ("the bucket" opens, the hands remain closed, the fingers are splayed, half-bent)

And from under the yellow grass

A flower is already growing… (same movements)

The bell opened (hands rest on elbows, fingers clenched into a fist)

In the shade where the forests are (gradually the fist is unclenched, forming a cup of a bell), Ding-ding, singing softly (shaking the resulting bell, saying "ding-ding"), Ding ding, spring is coming.

Ding-ding, sing softly, Ding ding, spring is coming.

Finger gymnastics "Birds" in the senior group:

How many birds flew to the feeder in the morning?

We will now tell, count boldly (work with a fist).

Two crows, nightingale, Six tits and a sparrow, A woodpecker in motley feathers (for each name, bend your fingers).

We will pour the grains (again working with a fist).

Finger gymnastics "Flowers" in the senior group:

One is a chamomile, two is a tulip, Three - a peony from hot countries (for each name, bend your fingers).

Let's collect a big bouquet

And put it on the sideboard (working with a fist).

Finger gymnastics "Insects" in the senior group:

I am a green Maybug (squeeze fingers into a fist).

I'm flying around (index finger and little finger apart), Buzzing over the clearings, And my name is Zhu-Zhu (wiggle your index finger and little finger).

Don't bite, evil mosquito, -

I'm running home (fingering the table).

Flew to us yesterday

Striped bee.

And behind her is a bumblebee-bumblebee

And a beautiful moth (for each name, bend your fingers), Three bugs and a dragonfly, Like flashlights of the eye (we imitate glasses - we bring the thumb and forefinger closed in a circle to the eyes).

Buzzed, flew (waving hands), From fatigue fell (hands fall with palms on the table).

Finger gymnastics "Cosmos" in the senior group:

The Sun is the main star (the left hand depicts the Sun - the fingers are spaced and slightly rounded, as if holding a balloon), And around - planets (the right hand depicts planets - a clenched fist "flies" around the "Sun").

And they fly - who goes where (perform "flying" movements with the left hand from right to left)

Fast comets (perform"flying" movements of the right hand from left to right).

Finger gymnastics "May" in the senior group:

We took the shoulder blades, dug the beds.

One-two! One-two! (imitate the movement of a shovel)

The rake was also taken, Combed the beds:

One-two! One-two! (simulate rake movements)

Seeds in rows

Thrown into the ground:

One-two! One-two! (imitate the scattering of seeds)

Grow up soon, bud, (fingers folded into a "beak")

Spread the flower - peony! (open fingers of both hands)

Finger gymnastics "Transport" in the senior group:

Taking off, Taking off, Propellers rotating the helicopter (rotate hands above your head).

Going there (hand movement to the right), Coming here (moving hand to the left), On the new rails of the train (rotate with straight palms in front of you), They leave the sea from the land (we wave our hands as if saying goodbye).

Gymnastics Tips

1. When doing finger exercises, you must definitely sit opposite each other, the faces of an adult and a child should be at the same level, the adult's hands should be within visual reach for the child (as well as the child's hands for the teacher).
2. Classes should be done daily for about 5 minutes. Therefore, conducting finger gymnastics is the task of not only the educator, but alsoparent.
3. Exercises should be familiar to the child, this implies that you can not constantly use new finger games, oversaturate the child with them. You need to choose two or three games to start and use only them, and over time, when the child will already complete them without your help, you can gradually introduce new tasks.
4. It is also not recommended to immediately require the child to perform finger movements and pronounce the accompaniment text. Due to the peculiarities of the attention of a child of older preschool age, especially if he has a developmental delay, the child may lose interest in the game, failing to distribute attention to movements and text at the same time.
5. If a child refuses to play, never force him. Try to find out the reasons for this behavior, perhaps you should complicate or simplify the task, change it altogether.

So, we found out that finger gymnastics for the older group is extremely important and it should be used without fear, because this method of development and correction has no contraindications.