Child's diet up to a year

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Balanced nutrition is an indispensable condition for the normal development of the baby's systems and organs. It is necessary that babies receive a certain amount of macronutrients (fats, proteins, carbohydrates), vitamins and minerals daily. Due to this, they will grow smart, cheerful and he althy. How to organize a proper nutrition regimen for children under one year old? We will look into this matter.

Meals

There are 3 types of feeding babies up to a year: mixed, artificial and natural. Each child has a specific diet. Consider the features of various types of menus for kids. General schemes apply to he althy babies. The norms of food consumption in case of violations are set by the doctor.

Artificial feeding

A child with artificial feeding receives an adapted milk formula. His diet may contain breast milk, with no more than 20% of the totalvolume of food.

Such feeding requires adherence to a strict diet of the child. In a month and later, the interval between meals should be at least 3 hours. It must be aged as formula digests much more slowly than mother's milk.

Natural feeding

A breastfed infant up to 6 months of age is fed exclusively on mother's milk. In accordance with WHO recommendations, complementary foods (solid food) are gradually introduced into his diet after this age. In the daily volume of food, the proportion of breast milk decreases, however, remains high. E. O. Komarovsky, a popular pediatrician, insists that it is not advisable to introduce complementary foods at an earlier date.

Most breastfeeding experts advise you to feed your baby freely, on demand. This approach makes it possible to maintain lactation at the required level. After 2-3 months with free feeding, a flexible diet for the child appears: meals occur every 2-2.5 hours.

Mixed feeding

In this case, the proportion of mother's milk is 20% or more of the daily diet. The diet for this type of diet depends only on the level of lactation of the woman. If breast milk is the basis, then you need to bring the schedule closer to free milk. If the mixture prevails, then the diet must be organized by the hour.

How to calculate the required amount of food?

First 7 days

In the first week of life, the calculation of the daily volume of breast milkor mixture is carried out in one of 2 ways:

1. Finkelstein formula. To determine the daily amount of formula or milk for a baby weighing at least 3.2 kg, you need to multiply its age in days by 70. If the child's weight is up to 3.2 kg, the number of days of life should be multiplied by 80.
2. Zaitseva's formula. The body weight of the baby at birth should be multiplied by the number of days of his life, and from this number find 2%. The result is the desired amount of food per day.

Regardless of the formula used, the resulting volume must be divided by the number of feedings. This way you can find out the amount of mixture or milk sufficient for one meal.

Over 7 days

To calculate the amount of nutrition for a newborn after 7 days and up to a year, the method according to Czerny and Geibener or volumetric is used. You need to understand that the first method allows you to determine the required total amount of fluid per day, including milk, formula, juice, water, tea, etc. In this case, you need to take into account the age of the child and his weight.

At the moment, this technique is used quite rarely, because it is not designed for babies with increased weight, of which more and more are being born now. The most rational is the bulk method.

Complementary feeding

There are special WHO instructions containing information on the sequence of introducing food into the diet of babies in the first year of life. The tips below are broken down by month.

Porridge should be cooked in water. Diet at 6 months, like his diet, graduallyis changing. From now on, vegetable oil should be added to cereals and mashed potatoes. Initially, it is worth adding 1 drop, bringing the volume gradually to a teaspoon. At 7 months, butter is introduced into the diet. At first 1 gram, on average in the future - 10 grams. It is advisable to add it to ready-made cereals.

This feeding scheme is suitable for breastfed babies. If the baby receives a mixture, solid food can be introduced from 5 months, since his body is in dire need of minerals and vitamins for full development. The same table is used, though all rows are moved one month.

Each new product must be given to the child in the first half of the day. The amount should be increased gradually, bringing it to the norm for age and constantly monitoring the reaction of the baby's body. Every week, the baby should be introduced to one new dish. If there is a malfunction in the gastrointestinal tract or an allergy, the product should be removed from the menu for about a month.

Diet for 1 year and older

Lactation can be maintained even if the mother went to work. At the same time, the frequency of applying the baby to the breast will significantly decrease, however, the baby will still receive the most valuable elements. If there is a need to stop lactation, doctors advise not to do this during the illness of the child, when his body is weakened, and in the summer, since at this time the probability of infection with an intestinal infection is very high.

The diet of a child at 1 year old does not differ from the previous month, although they increase slightlyportions. For breakfast and snacks, you need to feed him mashed vegetables or porridge. Lunch and dinner must be hearty. You can offer marshmallows, marmalade, marshmallows for dessert, while it is better to choose tea, water, jelly, fruit drink or compote as a drink.

Terms, volumes and products

The transition of a child to "adult" food is a completely new stage in his life. But he is much more exciting for his mom. What to feed first? How to change volume? How to cook food correctly? How to make the first menu tasty?

Diet and food introduction requirements have changed significantly in recent years. Pediatricians no longer insist on the need to give children cottage cheese from four months and juices from two. But the recommendations offered by the WHO and those enshrined in the provisions of the Ministry of He alth of Russia differ significantly. So, the last allowed introduction of complementary foods at 4 months, while everything is carried out at an accelerated pace.

Meals for up to a year

Meal mode still remains by time or clock. At the same time, the recommendations of the Ministry of He alth of our country propose a schedule for feeding babies up to a year old, which requires cereals, vegetables, meat and cottage cheese, fruit purees, juices to be used in their diet by 7 months. This schedule does not comply with WHO recommendations, where it is clearly noted that only at the age of six months is the dietary correction carried out. And only according to individual indications and in some cases, which include a critical lag in development and weight gain,it makes sense to change the baby's diet early.

From seven to twelve months, chewing skills improve. The kid learns to move food to the teeth with his tongue, bite, remove it from the spoon with his lips. During this period, it is advised to change the consistency of dishes, while maintaining the previously chosen diet of the child (it should also be left unchanged in a year). They are served chopped, mashed, in a form that is convenient for eating with handles.

Only after a year does the stability of the jaws appear, while chewing movements acquire a rotational, adult character. The child at this time can be completely transferred to the food of the family table.

Product introduction method

You need to understand how to implement the recommendations above in practice. Consider the 90-day technique that was created by the World He alth Organization.

Food with vegetables

WHO recommends using zucchini as a baby's first food. The vegetable is served mashed, boiled. The next product is cauliflower, then broccoli.

So, it will take you about twenty-one days to introduce 3 vegetables into your child's diet. Further, as you bring each product to the norm recommended for age, it will be possible to mix them in any necessary proportions, and also offer the child a multi-component or single-component puree.

Feeding with cereals

It can be started after vegetables are introduced. At the same time, children with a lag in weight with cereals are recommended to be fed initially.

The period of introducing cereals into baby food takes 3 weeks. The child at this time turns 7.5 months old, therefore, it is still too early to introduce meat into his diet. The World He alth Organization advises at this stage to include new products from cereals and vegetables in the baby's complementary foods.

New Products

Another vegetable food is pumpkin, which has a sweetish taste, therefore, babies like it. Porridge with it is a classic of children's cuisine, but the new product should be combined only with vegetables that are identical in structure.

After the pumpkin has been introduced, fruit feeding can begin. In the middle of the 7th month, it's time to introduce the baby to the apple. You need to understand that the recommendation of doctors to enter this product at this particular time is simple. Fruits have a bright, pronounced taste. It can be perceived by a child with much more enthusiasm than the neutral taste of zucchini. Then the baby, who tried for the first time not vegetables, but fruits, may simply refuse the latter.

The next step towards the end of the 7th month may be the introduction of some new cereal. At this time, the baby's digestive tract is ripe for the adoption of millet porridge.

Introduction of meat

A baby's diet at eight months is 4 grains in the form of dairy-free cereals, an apple and four vegetables. During this period, meat should be introduced into the menu, thoroughly boiled, twice ground in a meat grinder or grated. WHO recommends using rabbit fillet as the first meat, as it is the leanest and least allergenic product.

Meat product babyrarely accepted immediately. You can mix small portions of it with porridge. In this case, the child will not notice it in the initial minimum doses. When the volume increases significantly, the taste of meat will seem familiar to the baby, and he is already much less likely to refuse it.

Expansion of complementary foods with fruit

Fruits are a source of vitamins and also stimulate the intestines. After the introduction of meat to normalize digestion, it is recommended to introduce prunes as the next step.

So the child gets a rich breakfast of fruits and a cereal component, an equally rich lunch of meat and vegetable puree.

Expansion of complementary foods with meat

The next product will be low-fat turkey fillet, which will be an excellent alternative to rabbit.

The child is already familiar with a fairly large number of products, any new ones are still used during the 2nd breakfast in the 1st half of the day. Because of this, there is a periodic correction of the usual menu for lunch and breakfast, but this is necessary in order to notice in time the reaction to any new component of the diet when it appears.

Fruit food expansion

Pear is another type of fruit. But not necessarily it is she, you can enter any fruit that matches your area, for example, peach, apricot. Or try to feed the baby with a banana, which children usually eat with joy.

The first 90 days, as it became clear from the article above, are very eventful. In no case do not be upset if you fail to “fit” into the schedule or the child refuses to eateat this amount. Your current task is to diversify its menu with new tastes to get acquainted with them. Therefore, there is a new product in the diet every week.

In a similar way, other types of complementary foods recommended for the age of the crumbs are introduced in the future. The new one is only offered for breakfast. When fermented milk products are included in the diet, the child has an afternoon snack, where fruit puree will go. Accordingly, the diet per year will be slightly adjusted. Cookies and crackers are offered as snacks throughout the day. After the introduction of fish, it will be necessary to alternate it with meat, not offering them one day.