2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21
Lithium batteries, as the name suggests, run on a soft alkali metal called "lithium". This natural material is the lightest of all known metals. It is lighter than water, therefore, it is buoyant, not only in aqueous solutions, but even in kerosene. Accordingly, lithium has the widest electrochemical potential, which allows us to safely consider it the most active metal.
Lithium batteries, created on its basis, have low weight and overall dimensions, as well as a fairly high energy density.
The main advantages that every lithium battery has are:
- Small self-charging current. This allows to increase the service life in an inactive state by several times compared to alkaline counterparts.
- No need for periodic replenishment from an external power source.
- There is practically no loss of capacity at low ambient temperatures, which makes lithium batteries indispensable in the Far North.
- Long service life.
- Smallmass.
Manufacturers produce lithium batteries with different chemical composition, which allows you to get products focused on different operating voltages, as well as having different energy intensity.
The most common types of lithium batteries are:
1. Li-MnO2 with a nominal voltage of 3 V. The most common type. It has a high capacity and a significant temperature range of use. Capable of delivering significant current.
2. Li-FeS2 or lithium iron disulfide batteries. They are available for 1.5 V and are an excellent alternative to saline and alkaline batteries. The low value of the rated voltage allows them to be used directly in appliances.
The advantages of this type of battery are as follows:
A) About 4 times longer life than alkaline batteries.
B) Weight reduced by 30%.
B) High current output.
D) Shelf life exceeds 10 years.
There is only one drawback: high cost.
3. Li-Ion or lithium-ion batteries. They are produced for the nominal voltage range from 3.5 to 4 V. In power supplies of this type, metallic lithium is replaced by its ions, which makes their operation safer. This type of battery has the ability to recharge, so they are often called accumulators. They are not subject to the so-called "memory effect" andhave high energy performance. In inactive mode, self-discharge occurs, which is about 5 percent per month. Sensitive to high temperatures.
Because lithium is an active metal, the production of lithium batteries is often hampered by special safety requirements. This metal actively interacts with water, resulting in the release of hydrogen and alkali. In addition, mixing with oxygen should not be allowed as this may cause an explosion.
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