Speech therapy exercises for children for every day. Articulation gymnastics

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Speaking for an adult is as natural as breathing or walking. We pronounce sounds and put them into words automatically, thinking only about the content of speech. Children also learn the sounds of speech unconsciously - by imitation, but they have not yet been fixed in their speech. Sometimes this process can be disrupted. What prevents a child from making a particular sound or speaking clearly and distinctly in general?

Organs of articulation

Speech is a complex motor act. It involves the respiratory organs, voice formation and articulation, that is, the pronunciation of sounds. The latter are of interest to us. Allocate active and passive organs of articulation. Passive ones remain in place, but due to their location and shape, it is possible to pronounce the desired sound. Active ones are in constant motion and change their position and shape. The passive organs of articulation include the hard palate and teeth. To active - tongue, lips, lower jaw, soft palate with a small tongue. The main organs of articulation, the position of which determines the pronunciationsound, the tongue and lips are considered. They are made up of many muscles, and these muscles, like any other, can be trained with speech therapy exercises for clear speech. It is especially important to develop coordination of their movements, to form the skill of giving the tongue and lips the desired position.

How the sounds are broken

Why are some sounds broken more often than others? There are sounds - “champions” in terms of violations: these are whistling (S, Z, C), hissing (Sh, Zh, Shch, H) and R. The pronunciation of the sound L can also be disturbed. These sounds can be distorted - simply put, the sound is pronounced lispingly or lispingly. And speech therapists have special terms for this. For example, Ш can be lateral, when air comes from one side of the tongue, labial-labial, similar to snorting. Also, the sound can be skipped or replaced with similar ones. For example, often P is replaced by L or Sh by S. In the speech of children, such substitutions are much more diverse.

Why are some sounds harder than others? Vowel sounds do not require complex tongue movements. The air during their pronunciation easily and freely passes through the mouth. Therefore, they are usually not violated, there is only fuzziness and blurring of their pronunciation, especially O and U, because they require stretching of the lips. Among the consonants, there are also many sounds that are violated only in severe cases, for example, with paralysis and paresis.

Charging for the tongue

Articulatory gymnastics strengthens the muscles of the mouth, develops the accuracy and coordination of the movements of the organs of speech. It is necessary for children to train. All speech therapythe exercises for children that are included in it are designed to form certain postures and movements. These movements and postures will then form the basis of the spoken sounds. Therefore, if there is a desire to generally improve speech, make it clearer, accelerate its development, if it is slow, then it is worth doing general articulatory gymnastics. There will be no harm from her. But if specific sounds are violated, then the emphasis is on those speech therapy exercises that develop exactly the necessary movements of the tongue.

Getting busy

Articulation exercises should be done daily. You can do this for 3-5 minutes a day. It is better not to do this immediately after eating, so that the manipulation of the tongue does not cause a gag reflex. All speech therapy exercises are done in front of a mirror together with an adult who controls the correct execution and tells the child how to do the exercises. To make the process more interesting, short rhymes and illustrations are often included with the exercises.

Below will be offered the entire list of speech therapy exercises for every day. They can be alternated.

Delicious jam

Smile, open your mouth wider and lick your upper lip from top to bottom with a wide tip of your tongue. They don't need to move in different directions. It is necessary, as it were, to hug the lip.

Fungus

Smile, open your mouth wide. Suck the tongue to the sky, stretching the bridle. The tongue will resemble a mushroom cap, and the bridle will resemble a thin leg.

Painter

Smile, show teeth. Tongue drive over the upper teeth - left and right,then up and down. Repeat with lower teeth.

Fence

Smile and show both rows of teeth. Hold up to 5.

Tube

Pull your lips forward with a tube (about the same as with the sound U), hold for a count of up to 5.

By the way, these exercises are useful to alternate. You can repeat the “fence-tube” combination several times. This teaches the child to switch from one pose to another.

Baubel

The same, only the lips are slightly wider. Like when we say O.

Pancake

Smile, open your mouth. Put a wide and flat tongue on the bottom lip.

Slap your tongue with your lips and pronounce "pah-pah-pah". Sometimes this exercise is called "Punish a naughty tongue", and "Pancake" is just holding the tongue on the lip.

It helps to relax the muscles of the tongue.

Woodpecker

You need to rhythmically and clearly pronounce D-D-D, resting your tongue on the tubercle behind the upper teeth. Usually this sound is pronounced when the tongue touches the teeth, but the exercise is usually used when setting the sound R. To pronounce it correctly, the tongue is located a little deeper in the mouth. Slowly at first, then speed up.

Horse

Smile, open your mouth. Click your tongue (suck it to the sky, as in the “Fungus” exercise and tear it off sharply). The lower jaw does not move, only the tongue works. If not, you can gently hold your chin.

Watch

Smile, open your mouth. In turn, touch the corners of the mouth with the narrow tip of the tongue - right-left. Repeat 4-6 times.

Turkey

Open your mouth. Tongue stroke the upper lip back and forth and make a sound. You get something like "bl-bl-bl". Sometimes children themselves make such sounds when they play and play.

Cup

Smile, open your mouth. The anterior and lateral edges of the tongue are raised, but do not reach the palate. The tongue is wide and shaped like a cup with a recess in the middle, as can be seen with the help of a mirror. Hold up to 5.

Articulation of sound R

How do we pronounce the R sound? This sound is pronounced differently in every language. French r is different from English, English from Russian. Therefore, speech therapists always work according to the standards of the language of the country in which they live and work. After all, the throat R is the norm for a Frenchman and a pathology for a Russian! So, how do we pronounce this sound in Russian? The sound Р, together with its soft pair Рь (and for speech therapists and linguists, these are two separate sounds) is the only trembling or, in other words, vibrant in the Russian language. When we say it, the tongue vibrates. At this moment, its tip touches the alveoli - tubercles, which are located in the mouth a little deeper than the upper teeth. This sound is one of the most difficult to pronounce and some never master it all their lives. Therefore, in order to learn it, speech therapy exercises are especially needed!

Steps of working on sounds

Exercises are usually used by speech therapists at the preparatory stage for sound production. First, the child must learn to give the tongue and lips the necessary poses, and then you can already put the sound. Whensound appeared, this is still not enough. We need an automation step. After all, a new sound is unusual for a child and he can, for example, clearly say “R-R-R” and even “fish”, but at the same time say “K altoshka” in the old way. Therefore, when automating sound, the child pronounces simple, and then more and more complex words with the desired sound in different positions - at the beginning, at the end, in the middle of the word. There are many games that make word repetition more interesting, from naming pictures to bingo games or making sentences.

Performing speech therapy exercises at home and various games for automating sound are most accessible to parents. Sound production most of all requires professional skills and experience, so a speech therapist should do this. However, with regular exercise, the sound may appear in the child's speech itself. If this does not happen for a long time, and the sound pronunciation is noticeably behind the age norms, it is better to go to a specialist.

Exercises for sound R

To learn how to growl correctly, all exercises that help raise the tongue up will be useful. For the sound R, speech therapy exercises are best such as “Painter”, “Fungus”, “Horse”.

And the main exercise - "Woodpecker". You need to repeat it daily. To set the sound P, you can try during the exercise with the child’s clean finger (the nail should be cut short) to move the tongue from side to side to cause vibration. It will not turn out right away, this movement must be repeated. There are videos on how to set sounds correctly, but not a fact,that it will be possible to master this skill with their help.

Exercises for sound Ш

The sound Ш is characterized not only by a special position of the tongue, but also by a change in the position of the lips. The lips are slightly pulled forward, so the “Tube” exercises, the “Smile-Tube” alternation, and especially the “Donut” will be useful. This exercise most of all resembles an exaggerated pose of the lips with the sound Sh. When it is pronounced, the tongue is raised up, its edges are pressed against the palate, but the tip does not touch either the teeth or the palate, but forms a cup. Therefore, to form this sound, all exercises to raise the tongue up “Delicious Jam”, “Fungus” will be useful.

Also important are those exercises that help to make the tongue wide and flat. Especially if the child always sticks out his tongue with a “needle” and cannot flatten it. These are exercises like Pancake.

The most important exercise for the Sh sound is the "Cup". It most of all resembles the position of the tongue when pronouncing a sound. And to set it up, you can try to ask the child to press the edges of the cup to the sky, slightly round his lips and blow into the cup. You can get a hissing sound, quite similar to Sh. Speech therapy exercises require great awareness and control of your articulatory apparatus. This is not available to all children, so speech therapists often help clients with probes or a handkerchief to take the desired position of the tongue and lips.

By the way, if all hissing sounds are broken in a child, then you need to start with the sound Sh. It is considered the base for this group and all other sounds are set from it.