Rashes on the child's body: types, causes

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Every mother is familiar with the situation when a rash suddenly appears on the baby's body. Moreover, very often it is not localized, but extends to almost the entire surface of the body. Usually the first rashes appear on the cheeks. They begin to burn, become covered with small pimples, after which they peel off strongly. Then there are rashes in the child on the body, on the chest and tummy. From there, the rash spreads to the extremities.

Of course, mom wants to cure her baby as soon as possible. Emollient creams, various sorbents, antihistamines are used. Of course, the most reasonable would be to visit a doctor. Rashes in a child on the body are just a sign, and you need to fight the cause. Today, pediatricians have the ability to conduct modern research, which means that it will not take long to make the correct diagnosis.

Key Factors

Often, parents try to determine the danger of rashes depending on where they appeared. Actually it's not that important. For example, in one, diathesis spills out on the cheeks, in another - on the pope, and in the third - on the legs. But the reason for this does not change, it is necessary to temporarily remove sweets from the diet.

You can add the following, rashes on the body of a child look different. These are spots of various shapes, any color. Sometimes bumps, vesicles, or even small bruises can form. But on the basis of this, it is impossible to make a diagnosis, even an experienced pediatrician must conduct an examination and draw a conclusion.

The most common reasons why rashes appear on a child's body are:

• Allergic reaction.
• Insect bites.
• Infectious disease.
• Skin damage.
• Photodermatitis, that is, intolerance to sunlight.
• Problems with the rate of blood clotting, hemophilia. In this case, spots similar to bruises are observed.

The more parents tell the doctor about what happened to the child just before the spots appeared, the easier it will be for him to make the correct diagnosis.

Types of rashes on the body of a child

Rash doctors call any pathological changes. Parents can sometimes have their own opinion on this matter, but the card will appear that way. There is a color, relief and density of neoplasms that differ from the general surface of the skin, which means that you need to deal with the reasons.

Types of rashes on the body of a child may be as follows:

• Spots, that is, flat areas without swelling. They can be red, pink or whitish.
• Blisters.
• Pustules, i.e. abscesses.
• Papules.

They can be local or spread throughout the body. Sometimes rashes are accompanied by fever, but more often they do without it.

Some statistics

Physicians should take a history, exclude the least likely and leave only the most likely causes, and make a provisional diagnosis. It is he who must check it with the help of laboratory examinations. Rashes in a child on the body are constantly studied, as this is one of the most common complaints of parents.

If we take into account the statistics, then most often a small rash appears as an allergic reaction to an external irritant. In second place is a mild form of infection. The top three are insect bites. It's mosquitoes, sometimes bed bugs.

Should I be concerned

Most often, rashes on the body of a child, photos of which can often be found on thematic forums, are not considered a serious symptom until it starts to itch. In this case, parents usually consult with friends, search for information on the Internet, sometimes post photos and compare their situation with someone else's. This is wrong, because only a specialist can judge the seriousness.

Mom needs regular check-ups of the baby. Rashes on the body of a childper year should be carefully studied even if they do not bother the baby in any way. This will allow you to take timely action and prevent deterioration.

Rules for dealing with a rash

Parents should understand that the responsibility for the life and he alth of the child lies entirely not with the local pediatrician, but with them. Constantly need to keep the condition of the baby under control. Rashes on the body of a child a year can have a large number of reasons, so this fact cannot be ignored.

• If a child develops a rash, see a doctor immediately.
• It is impossible to use any medications on your own, without a pediatrician's prescription. This can worsen the child's condition or blur the clinical picture, making the diagnosis much more difficult.
• When detecting local hemorrhages that do not go away when pressed with a finger, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Sweating

This is the most innocuous reason why a rash may appear on a child's body. Itching is expressed moderately, in some cases very strong. Miliaria most often occurs in children under one year of age in hot weather, with excessive room temperature. Tight clothing also contributes to this.

Usually, itching appears with the first spots. Rashes on the body of a child look like small reddish or transparent bubbles. Often they are localized like a necklace, around the neck, on the chest. By themselves, they are not dangerous, you can not be afraid for the life of the baby. But when redrashes on the body of the child itch, you can forget about he althy sleep. And when combing, the affected areas begin to hurt.

To cope with the disease, you must first make sure that the child is not sweating through your fault. That is, the room should be moderately warm, periodically ventilate the room. Clothing should be chosen from natural fabrics, according to the size of the child. Do not allow the fabric to rub delicate skin. After consulting with your doctor and excluding other diseases, you can proceed to the next step. This is a gentle drying of rashes. No aggressive means! So you dry out irritated skin even more and get additional problems. You can not get carried away with a decoction of a series for the same reason. Pharmaceutical tincture of calendula diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1 is best suited. Oils, panthenol and similar products are not used for prickly heat.

Allergic reaction

This is the first thing parents and doctors think about when examining a patient. Get ready for questions about what the baby or his mother ate new, if he is still on GW. Of course, this is more true for children aged 2 to 6 months, when, after a strict diet, the mother begins to include various foods in the diet one at a time. Through breast milk, the baby's digestive system is first introduced to them.

The second stage starts at 6 months when complementary foods are added. Of course, at this time, too, caution is observed. Products are introduced one at a time, under the close attention of the mother. Allergic rashes on the body of a child are a serious problem. You need to find the cause and eliminate it. Therefore, it is so important to keep a food diary from birth, to write down in it every new product (eaten by mother or child) and the reaction to it. Diarrhea and constipation, bloating and belching, rash - any of these should be noted. Then by the year you will already know if the child is prone to allergies.

Different reactions to a stimulus

Here, too, everything is quite complicated. The same allergen can cause completely different symptoms. Therefore, the diagnosis is a complex and painstaking process. So what an allergy looks like:

• Rashes on a child's body can manifest as contact dermatitis. This is a burning, itching, because of which the baby combs the skin for blood. With atopic, it coarsens, crusts form in the folds, which periodically crack.
• Diathesis. For some reason, parents are very calm about this phenomenon. This is a strong allergic reaction, and not at all a banal reddening of the cheeks. In advanced cases, flaky rashes are accompanied by crying, irritability of the crumbs and disruption of night sleep.
• Eczema. Such rashes occur on the body of a child without fever. Recognizing them is pretty easy. These are relief foci on the neck, on the arms and ankles. They turn red, crack and peel.
• Hives. In this case, the rash fully justifies its name. Have you ever been burned with nettles? Here and here the symptoms are very similar, you can compare by photo. The description of rashes on the body of a child is as follows. Red or orange convex swollen spots of various shapes and severity. There may be fluid buildup inside.

It is important to know that in some cases it is impossible to delay treatment. If you make an appointment with a pediatrician with prickly heat or dermatitis, then with urticaria you need to closely monitor the child's condition. If the foci increase, the lips, eyelids and fingers swell, you should immediately call an ambulance. Quincke's edema is possible, which is life-threatening. If you are not seeing an attack for the first time, then you should have antihistamines at home.

Features of treatment

Therapy for allergies must be comprehensive. Often, autoimmune diseases cannot be completely cured. But that doesn't mean they can be ignored. The doctor usually makes a multi-step prescription:

• Drugs that quickly relieve local symptoms.
• Medications to support immunity.
• Means of protection against unpleasant complications.

Usually, the treatment is a course, and it is repeated periodically. If the allergy is tied to a certain season, then soon you will already know and mentally prepare for this. On the one hand, it is more convenient than being in the dark. In any case, it makes it possible to conduct a preventive course of treatment to have the necessary medicines on hand.

Bite reaction

Actual in the summer. It can be mosquitoes or midges, wasps or bees. Bites are often painful, and the skin in the affected area swells and hurts. For some, it will be swelling at the site of the bite, for others, the skin becomes covered with a scattered rash. Teach your child to let you know when an insect bites him. childrenless than a year old are rarely let out of sight, so such facts do not go unnoticed.

Manage symptoms with antihistamines or cold soaks. The most dangerous are the bites of arrow-bellied insects - wasps and bees. In this case, both small rashes on the child's body and one large edema may appear. The bite is very painful, the affected area burns for a long time. In this case, the poison can cause severe reactions, up to swelling of the respiratory tract. Therefore, for several hours you need to carefully monitor the child. If his face swells, there is weakness, then you need to call an ambulance.

Infectious diseases

Often in this case, there is a temperature and rashes on the child's body. Skin lesions can be both the main symptom and part of mixed signs. That is why it is important to call a doctor at home or visit a clinic as soon as possible. The correct diagnosis is the key to correct treatment and the speedy improvement of the baby's condition. The list of diseases is quite extensive, which is why diagnosis requires knowledge and experience. Temperature and rashes on the body of a child are possible in the cases described below.

Learning to recognize

• Chickenpox. This is an acute viral disease that is transmitted by airborne droplets and is accompanied by clear symptoms. Rashes on the body of a child, photos of which can be seen in large numbers on thematic forums, begin to spread very quickly. In just a few hours, the bubbles pass to the face, hands and body. As you he althey itch a lot. It does not require specific treatment, it is only necessary to follow the recommendations of the local pediatrician. Not always symptoms are immediately fever and rashes on the body of a child. Some children tolerate chickenpox in a mild form, when, apart from blisters, nothing bothers them.
• Rubella. Only an experienced doctor can not confuse it with chickenpox. A red dotted rash spreads all over the body. It is preceded by an acute phase with a temperature of 37-38 degrees, cough and sore throat. After 2-3 days, the baby ceases to be contagious to others. Depending on the condition of the crumbs, antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antipyretic drugs can be prescribed.
• Measles. In many ways, it is very similar to rubella. Photos of rashes on the body of a child with these two ailments are almost impossible to distinguish. The kid complains of weakness, sore throat, his temperature rises. Measles is dangerous for its complications, and specific drugs are used to treat it.
• Scarlet fever. In this case, small rashes on the child's body, high fever and sore throat are characteristic. The rash is usually concentrated in the skin folds, in the groin, inside the elbows. Rashes often cover the forehead and cheeks, while not affecting the nasolabial triangle. Scarlet fever can be very severe, so a visit to the doctor is a must. Drugs are selected symptomatic.

Forgotten but not defeated

There are diseases that are not so common. But pediatricians are well aware that all hypotheses need to be tested, then there are more chances.make the correct diagnosis. If the rashes on the child's body itch, then there is reason to assume that the subcutaneous tick is to blame. It is also called itchy. Affecting the skin, they eat through the passages inside it, causing unbearable itching. On the stomach and on the hands, right under the skin, the tick lays eggs. Therefore, it is in these places that we can see pronounced nodules.

Treatment involves careful handling of everything the child may have touched. These are toys and school supplies, household items. In parallel with this, you need to start treatment, which consists in treating the skin with special compounds. Often the choice of doctors falls on sulfuric ointment. Previously, treatment with a solution of copper sulfate was practiced, but today its harmful effects on the human body have been proven.

Another disease that is quite rare in children is roseola. The symptoms here are similar to SARS. The temperature immediately rises very high, and it is impossible to bring it down by any means. Only the use of cold compresses allows you to keep it within acceptable limits. About 4 days later, it falls on its own. Rashes on the body of a child after a temperature appear immediately. Slightly convex formations appear first on the abdomen, and only then spread to all other parts of the body. After another 4 days, the spots disappear without peeling and pigmentation.

Rash on head

It is much easier to see it in boys as they wear short hair. In long and thick hair, red spots are much more difficult to find. Owhat could such a symptom say? The most common cause is lice. That is, parasites that lay their eggs in the hair and feed on the blood of the host. You can get infected in kindergarten or at school, on the playground.

In order to detect lice in time and take action, it is necessary to examine the head of the child at least twice a week. This should be done in bright light, sorting through the hair very carefully. If suspicions are confirmed and adult insects and their larvae are found, then it is necessary to treat the head with a special shampoo and more carefully monitor the hygiene of the child.

Herpes

There are a huge number of types of rashes on the body in children. Photos give only an approximate acquaintance with their external features, since often the symptoms are similar to each other. Today we will touch on another disease that occurs not only at a young age, but also in adults. Most often, people are in no hurry to see a doctor, because "just herpes."

Actually, this is a collective name for viral diseases that are caused by different types of herpes. It's like calling all members of the cat family pussies. This will partly be true, but in reality they have a lot of differences.

The herpes virus can infect almost any internal organ. To date, 8 species are known, each of which is capable of producing similar symptoms.

Types of herpes in children

• Simple type 1 virus. He is the most famous, and flows quite easily. Sometimesthere is a slight malaise, after which a vial filled with liquid appears on the lip. It usually takes a few days for them to scab over and go away. To speed up this process, Acyclovir ointment or its analogues are used.
• The second kind is genital. The baby can get it from the mother during pregnancy and childbirth. The course of this type of herpes in children is more complicated than in adults.
• Chickenpox virus. With a secondary lesion, it passes as describing herpes, that is, lichen.
• Virus type 6 causes roseola.
• Herpetic types 4, 5, 6 can cause infectious mononucleosis.

Features of leakage in infants

Herpetic eruptions on the body of a child are more common than in adults. Just in the latter, only rashes on the lips are usually noted. This is an insidious disease that can cause severe damage to the nervous system and internal organs. If the visual organs are affected, keratitis occurs. If the ENT organs are under attack, then sudden deafness, tonsillitis of the pathology of the inner ear may develop.

The defeat of the cardiovascular system manifests itself in the form of atherosclerosis. If the virus enters the central nervous system, then there is a risk of developing encephalopathy, the nerve plexuses suffer. On the part of the reproductive system, a violation of the reproductive function is possible.

Herpes symptoms

In the early stages, there are difficulties with the diagnosis of herpes. Rashes on the body in children appear much later. At first, the baby complains of fever and fatigue, muscle pain andirritability. In the place of future rashes of infections, pain and burning, tingling and itching occur. Usually these places are prone to ulceration and wound formation. The matter is complicated by the fact that children comb them, constantly peel off the crust from them and do not allow them to heal. Even the simplest herpes on their lips disappears not earlier than in a week.

Herpes rashes on the body of a child most often spread along the chin and neck. Lymph nodes swell and become painful. Ulcers can also appear in the mouth, on the gums, in the throat. Of course, this causes difficulty in eating, so parents should be very careful about the consistency and temperature of food.

Cure herpes

In each case, the doctor will focus on the age of the patient and the severity of the disease, on laboratory tests. Antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, interferons are usually used. It is very important to start treatment in the early stages of the disease. Recovery directly depends on this. A neglected infection becomes chronic or relapsing.

Treatment of herpes in children is aimed at minimizing symptoms and suppressing the activity of the virus. For this, special ointments are used that relieve itching and care for the skin, as well as tablets. It is necessary to drink more fluids, as well as take antipyretics and painkillers.

What can be done to reduce itching

The most important thing is to remember that any skin rash is just a symptom. It is impossible to influence him without presenting the truereasons. Therefore, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible. He must examine and make a diagnosis. Then it is already possible to develop an individual treatment regimen.

However, all this takes time, sometimes a lot. What to do to alleviate the condition of your child? First of all, you need to think about disease prevention. Of course, not everything can be prevented. But in the summer you should try to use mosquito nets and repellents to avoid insect bites. Your child should be vaccinated according to age, so you will protect him from a number of infectious diseases.

And what to do if the rash has already appeared? First of all, it is important to eliminate irritants that affect the foci of rashes. Most often it is too rough fabric. Dress your child in light cotton clothing. But the biggest irritant is sweat. And people sweat because the room is too hot. Part of the s alts is released in this case through the pores, which leads to unbearable itching. In babies with sensitive skin, sweat itself can cause breakouts.

To alleviate the condition of the child, you need to remember the following:

• It is important to bathe the baby twice a day (more often). In this case, the water temperature should not exceed 34 degrees.
• The room temperature needs to be kept cool, but comfortable for the baby. Everything is relative here, but most pediatricians recommend +18-20 degrees.

If a doctor's consultation is not possible at the moment, and the child has severe itching, use topical antihistamines. These are ointments and gels. It is advisable, of course, to do this after consulting a specialist. In most cases, a rash is a fairly harmless manifestation of various diseases and reactions of a small organism. In most cases, it passes quite quickly and does not require serious treatment. Therefore, you only need to think about the therapy of the cause that caused it.

When you need to call an ambulance

If possible, you can take the child to the nearest hospital yourself. This must be done if a rash appears on the body in the form of stars. And of course, if the rash is accompanied by high fever and (or) vomiting. In any case, call an ambulance consultant. He will listen to complaints and recommend observation by the local pediatrician or immediately send an ambulance to you.

Instead of a conclusion

There are a huge number of reasons for the appearance of a rash on the body of a child. Even the immaturity of the digestive and enzymatic systems in itself leads to the fact that, having tried a new product, the child begins to “bloom”. This is not even an allergic reaction, just at this stage, his body is not ready to meet with the substances that it contains. We need to postpone the acquaintance for a few more months.

It is very important that parents can give the doctor full information about what the new child ate, what he interacted with, whether he could become the object of an insect attack. This will allow much faster diagnosis and treatment.