Complex classes in kindergarten

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Modern society requires active citizens capable of creative thinking, making innovative decisions, as well as positive creation. Unfortunately, today the educational process in kindergarten still largely retains the previously established traditional approach to the presentation and assimilation of knowledge by children. But the stereotyped, monotonous repetition of similar actions does not arouse interest in learning.

Traditional pedagogical methods are not able to give the baby the joy of discovery and gradually lead to the fact that he loses his ability to be creative. But how to develop a child so that in the future he will be set to create a new one? How to bring up a creative person from him? This requires certain conditions: organizational, personnel, as well as logistical. Appropriate equipment, allowances are needed, in addition, the interest of the family and those people who work with babies.

Sculpting and drawing, artistic activities and games will help develop creativity. In this regard, teachers and parents should pay special attention to comprehensive classes with children. After all, this training is carried out through the use of various types of art. This allows you to maximize the development of creative abilities in kids.

The role of art

The development of a child's creative abilities is influenced by many factors that can be combined into three groups. The first of them includes individual characteristics and natural inclinations, which have a direct impact on the formation of the child's creative activity. The second group includes all existing forms of influence of the social environment. The third set of factors determines the dependence of the creative manifestations of the baby on the structure and nature of his activity.

Why are complex classes so important for primary school children? Such training plays a special role due to the fact that various types of art are used to present the material. This includes music and literature, folk art and sculpture, and, of course, painting. Art in one form or another shapes a person, awakens creativity in a child and has a direct impact on his spiritual world.

Complex classes give kids the opportunity to develop their figurative representations and imagination, attention and memory, as well as a positive emotional attitude to the activities proposed by the teacher.

What are the means of the various arts? ATLiterature is a word that serves for figurative definitions, epithets, rhythm, metaphors and comparison. When conducting theatrical activities, they are means of dramatization in the form of facial expressions and gestures, movements and postures, intonation and voice. In visual techniques, the means used in a complex lesson for children are drawings that express the volume and shape, proportions and ratios of the sizes of objects. Also, kids are fascinated by the application. It allows them to develop the concept of form, composition and color. If a comprehensive lesson for children is conducted using music, then the means of education are harmony and rhythm, dynamics and melody, intonation, etc.

Positive aspects of complex classes

The combination of various types of art leads to their versatile impact on the child. At the same time, it contributes to the knowledge of phenomena and objects from many angles while using all the senses.

A complex-thematic lesson is conducted in such a way that children alternately draw and sing, dance and read poetry. And their performance of plot compositions or decorative works against the background of sounding lyrical music helps to create an emotional mood that allows you to more successfully complete the tasks of the educator.

Comprehensive activities in kindergarten allow kids to study freely and without coercion. For example, during the execution of a collective drawing, they will certainly consult with each other about who and what details will be depicted. They will also need to agree on their actions and roles in the process of staging the song.

Classification

Complex classes in their content are very diverse. At the same time, they are carried out in different versions. These can be activity blocks:

- to introduce kids to the world of arts;

- to the most interesting children's topics;

- to introduce children to the work of writers;

- to emotional and moral education; - to get acquainted with the outside world, with folk art and nature.

Conducting comprehensive classes in various kindergarten groups

How classes are conducted with children, first of all, depends on their age. An important parameter in this case will be the accumulated life experience of the kids. So, complex classes in the younger group (these are children of 3-4 years old) are carried out using live observation of a phenomenon or object, to which its vivid illustration is attached.

Children who have reached the age of 4-5 are offered a colorful picture, accompanied by a small literary work. A comprehensive lesson in the senior group of preschool educational institutions (children from 5 to 6 years old) is conducted using a song or piece of music as a background or an independent part of the proposed activity.

Preschoolers from 6 to 7 years old are invited to get acquainted with a work of art with the simultaneous consideration of 2-3 reproductions depicting a similar or different landscape. Also, children can be offered a description of a phenomenon or object in two or three poems in which there is a comparison orcomparison. Listening to a piece of music is also used as a means of educating a creative person.

Types of complex classes

Combined learning is divided by the value of the arts used in it. So, stands out:

1. dominant type. It is characterized by the maximum use of one type of art, while the rest are the background of the lesson.

2. Equivalent type. In such classes, all its parts complement each other.

Complex classes in the younger group

When entering the first educational institution in their life, children 2-3 years old are subjected to adaptive stress. To eliminate it, educators should conduct comprehensive classes with the kids on the Federal State Educational Standard for Education within the framework of the “From Birth to School” program.

The adaptive capacity of children of early and younger preschool age is not great. With the advent of a preschool educational institution, kids find themselves in a new social situation for them. With a long stay in a stressful state, a child may experience emotional disturbances or slow down the pace of psychophysical development.

A comprehensive lesson in the younger group should help kids get used to an unusual environment, to parting with their parents, to the appearance of a large number of children and the presence of unfamiliar adults. In this case, the teacher solves the following tasks:

- removal of the child's muscular and emotional stress;

- reduction in children of excessive motor activity and impulsiveness, aggression andanxiety;

- development of children's ability to communicate with each other;- improvement of the sense of rhythm, fine and general motor skills, coordination of movement and game skills.

On what is such a complex lesson based? The younger group (first) is children from 2 to 3 years old. They need a variety of games and round dances, nursery rhymes and songs, catch-up and rhymes. All this allows you to quickly involve the kids in the rhythm proposed by the teacher, switch from tears to friendly clapping and stamping their feet. Such activities are designed to unite children and give them a good emotional mood.

Such training begins with an exercise. Children run, walk or perform other activities together. And they do it under a certain musical or poetic rhythm. It is in the first part of complex classes that kids begin to tune in to group work, they have a good emotional background and increase motor and speech activity.

Further, in parallel with the exercises, the teacher offers the children various games. This is the main part of a comprehensive lesson, where kids get the opportunity to actively move, interact with peers and freely express emotions. At the third stage of the lesson, children are offered sedentary and calm tasks.

Second junior group

The same games contribute to the development of abilities in children of 3-4 years old. They help to grow a smart, quick-witted and inquisitive person.

At the age of three, the preschool period begins in a child's life. This is the time when children already know a lot, and strive to learn how tomore. And here complex classes come to the aid of the teacher. The second younger group will be happy to play games that allow them to get to know the world around them. Also, children will be able to learn the shapes of objects, their size and color, as well as their location in space.

Complex classes at this age are designed to develop children's memory, thinking and attention, making their stay in the garden joyful and informative. The teacher should remember that frequent changes in roles, images and plots will cause overwork in children. At the same time, interest in the classes will be lost. That is why all the exercises and games that are part of the learning structure should be one fairy-tale story.

Classes with children of the second younger group are carried out in 2-3 stages. The number and composition of the modules of exercises and games should be varied by the teacher. The teacher has the right to reduce the time of the lesson. This will prevent children from overworking. Also, the teacher, depending on the mood of the children, has the right to change the sequence of parts of the lesson.

Complex classes in the middle group

At the age of 4-5 years, the child continues to be taught to actively interact with the outside world. And this is largely facilitated by the comprehensive lesson conducted by the educator. In the middle group, preschoolers show a special curiosity about everything that surrounds them. At this age, the baby needs to expand the circle of knowledge about objects, learn about their purpose and signs. This is largely facilitated by the educational process, whichtakes into account the age characteristics of the child and the level of his development.

A comprehensive lesson in the middle group includes games, exercises and tasks that contribute to the development of imagination and speech, memory and perception in kids. The formation of these mental processes is an integral part of a conscious attitude to the world around.

Comprehensive classes for children of the middle group are held on the topics "Furniture" and "Cookware", "Clothes", "Transport" and "Toys". At the same time, they solve problems:

- improvement of spatial orientation;

- formation of the ability to focus one's attention on objects;

- development of speech and vocabulary enrichment;- formation of initial mathematical representations.

With the correct organization of complex classes, children 4-5 years old at the end of the school year will learn to recognize surrounding objects and their features, compare them and perform simple experiments on them (for example, sinking - not drowning).

Experiencing nature

Creative personality education can be provided for all age categories of children attending preschool. However, a complex lesson in the preparatory group is especially useful. For example, it could be play-based learning that introduces older preschoolers to the fall season.

In the first part of the lesson, cognitive tasks are solved with the simultaneous development of the intellectual abilities of children. At the same time, the teacher clarifies the children's ideas about autumn, highlighting the characteristic features of thisseason. In this process, a calendar with observations of changes in nature, which must be prepared in advance, will play a special role.

In the second part of the lesson, other tasks are solved. In this case, a different type of activity for preschoolers is used. So, for the lesson, the teacher organizes a small exhibition on the theme of autumn. As its exhibits, reproductions of famous artists are used, as well as photographs with paintings of fading nature. Viewing such an exhibition, which evokes the experience of beauty in children, allows solving the aesthetic problems of education.

The third part of the lesson uses manual activities and artistic creativity of preschoolers. Children are encouraged to create as they wish and see fit. Preschoolers can draw bouquets of autumn flowers or make crafts from various natural materials, create appliqués, etc. This part of the complex lesson allows children to develop artistic and manual skills.

With the right organization of such training, the time frame does not have strict limits. Children will not feel tired and bored. In addition, the teacher can always arrange a fun physical education session for his pupils.

Math classes

By the beginning of his school life, a child should know a lot of numbers and values, as well as be able to navigate in time and space. Pedagogical practice suggests that first-graders sometimes have difficulty moving from actions to specific images, objects, numbers and other abstract concepts. Avoid similardifficulties can be developed by developing the child's mental thinking in complex classes in kindergarten. It is at preschool age that kids should get acquainted with a variety of mathematical relationships, the relationship between quantities, measures, etc.

If we consider complex classes in the preparatory group in mathematics, then their structure is as follows:

- repetition of already covered material (from 2 to 4 minutes);

- acquaintance with a new topic (from 15 to 18 minutes);- generalization of what has been learned (from 4 to 7 minutes).

For example, in the first part of a complex lesson, children compare the widths and lengths of objects. At the same time, preschoolers are offered the game "What has changed?". In the second part of the lesson, the teacher demonstrates techniques by which the width and length of objects are measured. Then the children do everything on their own. This type of activity is a practical task for them. In the fourth part of the complex lesson, exercises are performed on grouping and comparing various geometric shapes.