Attachment of the embryo to the uterus: signs. How is conception and fertilization

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

The birth of a new life is a rather complicated and at the same time interesting process. Its main stage is the attachment of the embryo to the uterus. The signs of this process are quite diverse. Let's consider each of them. We will also analyze in detail the whole process of how conception and fertilization occurs, including such a difficult stage as IVF.

General

Everyone knows the simple truth that a pregnant woman and her entourage should cherish and try as much as possible to keep the pregnancy. But not everyone, even those who have given birth, know all the signs of the attachment of the embryo to the uterus. And this, perhaps, is one of the main processes from which the life of the future little man actually begins. It is during this period that there are many risks that can prevent pregnancy.

On average, pregnancy lasts 9 calendar (280 days) and 10 obstetric months. The difference between the calendar and obstetric months is that the latter consists of fourweeks. During this time, a fertilized egg undergoes a complex process of cell division, which leads to the formation of tissues, organs, and a connection is established between them. All this leads to the fact that, as a result, a newborn child can fully exist outside the mother's body.

Of course, it is especially difficult to overestimate and single out any period of intrauterine life. But still, there are dangerous periods when pregnancy can spontaneously terminate. In other words, miscarriage (in the first trimester) and preterm labor (in the last trimester) can occur.

Main periods of fetal development

• The period when the egg is fertilized by the sperm and tries to attach itself to the lining of the uterus. It is also called pre-implantation.
• Direct attachment of an already fertilized egg to the uterus - the implantation period.
• An important period of formation of organs, cells and tissues of a small organism.
• The last period is called fertile. It is now that the growth and development of previously formed cells and organs occurs.

Further in the article we will describe the very important and dangerous first two periods when fertilization occurs, as well as the main signs of the attachment of the embryo to the uterus. In addition, we will describe to you how the IVF procedure takes place.

How does conception and fertilization take place?

A woman born with two he althy ovaries has 200,000 immature eggs. By the time of her growing up and full puberty, on average,400 to 500 eggs.

Every he althy woman ovulates every month. Unfortunately, today such regularity is not preserved by every representative of the beautiful half of humanity. Due to certain factors, such as ecology and pathology, a large number of women have problems with childbearing function.

Ovulation is the period when the egg leaves the ovary and meets the sperm in the fallopian tube. Only the sperm is involved in the process of fertilization. It enters through the shell of the egg to its nucleus, it is at this moment that fertilization occurs.

At the next stage, the fertilized egg must adhere to the lining of the uterus. If this does not happen, then a miscarriage will occur and the pregnancy will be terminated.

The ciliated epithelium helps the egg to reach the uterus. The entire process may take approximately one week.

If everything goes well, then the egg attaches to the mucous wall of the uterus, which already has all the necessary nutrients for the normal development of the fetus.

Next, consider the periods, symptoms and signs of attachment of the embryo to the uterus.

Signs of implantation

Implantation is the period of implantation of the embryo into the uterine mucosa. How successfully this happens depends on the development of the fetus and the quality of the pregnancy itself.

Women who are trying to get pregnant using in vitro fertilization (IVF) need to know on what day after conception the implantation of the embryo is carried out by specialists. Also, this information will be of interest to those who are trying to get pregnant naturally. As noted above, the path of a fertilized egg to the walls of the uterus can last about one week. But to be more precise - from 6 to 8 days. And from that moment on, with the help of various diagnostic procedures, you can find out about your pregnancy. Therefore, dear women, the next day after your alleged fertilization, you should not run to the pharmacy for a test and hope to see a positive result.

After the attachment of the embryo, the growth of hCG begins. It is this indicator that helps determine the presence of pregnancy using a urine or blood test.

Main symptoms of implantation

The main symptoms of embryo attachment to the uterus can be as follows:

• During the attachment of the embryo, a woman may feel a slight pulling pain in the lower abdomen and a slight tingling.
• Characteristic symptoms may be the same as mild food poisoning. It's nausea, a metallic taste in the mouth.
• Body temperature may rise slightly (up to 37.5 degrees).
• Another common symptom when the embryo attaches to the uterus is spotting, which is typical for the first day of menstruation. They can be brownish or light pink in color. These secretions are characteristic not only during implantation. If you're not expecting a pregnancy, haven't had sex recently, and aren't expecting your period yet, it's best to see your doctor. Such allocations cantestify to a disease of the female genital organs.
• There may be irritability, excessive nervousness, overexcitation.

Implantation does not occur

The process of fertilization for a woman is natural. It's genetic. And during the attachment of the embryo, the woman is already automatically ready for this and her body begins to work in a new way, adapting to the support and development of a new life. But, unfortunately, the attachment procedure is not always successful.

Be that as it may, the embryo in the first stages is a foreign object for the uterus. It can be accepted or rejected by the body.

For what reasons can this happen? In fact, there are not so many of them, namely:

• Embryo can carry a genetic anomaly, which can subsequently lead to changes in the fetus or a serious illness in a baby that has already been born. The body feels this at the genetic level and rejects low-quality material.
• The endometrium of the uterus may be in an unhe althy state, the uterus may not be ready for bearing. The mucosa may lack the necessary substances for the development of the fetus.

Implantation after IVF

Very often, not being able to, people resort to artificial insemination.

This is a rather complicated process that requires the active participation of both future parents. Both of them must undergo a full examination, lead a he althy lifestyle and take all necessarydrugs. Women need these drugs in order to prepare her body for bearing a fetus. In men, the treatment increases sperm activity, which plays an important role in the fertilization of the egg.

IVF stages:

• If a woman does not ovulate, she takes drugs that will provoke her.
• Egg and sperm retrieval.
• Active and he althy cells are selected.
• Artificial insemination process.
• Placement of the ovum in the uterus.

Embryo implantation after IVF

During artificial insemination, from 2 to 3 embryos are placed in the uterus of a woman at once. This increases the chances of getting pregnant.

Many people wonder how long does it take for the embryo to attach to the uterus after IVF? Many unknowingly expect pregnancy within a week after the procedure. And almost immediately they begin to conduct hCG after IVF. Not having received the desired result, women immediately begin to panic. It is important to understand that during an artificial pregnancy, it will take longer for the embryo to attach to the uterus. Most often, this period takes from 2 weeks or longer. This is due to the fact that during artificial insemination, the embryo needs more time to adapt in the body of the expectant mother.

HCG after IVF:

• Determined by urine sampling. This can be done by a woman at home using a test strip, which can be purchased at any pharmacy.
• A more accurate analysis - blood sampling, carried out in a medical facility.

Pregnancy pressure during early pregnancy

A woman should be prepared for the fact that with the onset of pregnancy, in parallel with the growth of a small organism inside her, other changes will await her, which, unfortunately, are not always pleasant.

During this period, there is a change in hormonal levels. This is especially felt in the early stages. This, in turn, affects the work of all organs. The circulatory system is no exception and undergoes aggressive changes during the implantation period. For some women, this period is completely asymptomatic, and the woman receives only positive emotions. For others, the feeling of attaching the embryo to the uterus may not be the best. Many people experience pressure surges during this period.

Slightly below we will consider in more detail how pressure during early pregnancy affects the female body

Hypotension, its symptoms and risks

Low blood pressure at the beginning of pregnancy is quite common. It is often caused by a hormone such as progesterone. Its excessive amount in the early stages has a relaxing effect on the walls of the uterus, which, in turn, leads to a weakening of the vessels of the whole organism. Also, toxicosis can affect the pressure. Normal readings at low pressure are 90/60.

Attention should be paid to lower rates, especially if they are observed regularly inover a long period of time.

Feelings during implantation of the embryo to the uterus in case of low blood pressure:

• Tinnitus is a common symptom.
• A woman may feel like she is out of breath. Such an unpleasant sensation can accompany her throughout her pregnancy.
• Tachycardia when walking or just at rest.
• A pregnant woman may feel chronic fatigue, drowsiness and irritability.
• Headache for no reason. It seems that she woke up, was not upset, but her head began to hurt. This is already a sign that it is worth measuring the pressure.

Reasons that may help lower blood pressure in early pregnancy:

• Drinking small amounts of plain water.
• Sedentary.
• Excessive stress, overwork.
• Physiological characteristics of the body.
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Past infectious disease.

Low blood pressure is dangerous not only for a woman, but also for her fetus. At the initial stage of pregnancy, the placental circle is not yet formed, and the lack of oxygen can lead to significant changes in its development.

What to do to increase blood pressure in early pregnancy:

• After waking up, do not rush to jump out of bed. Lie down for a few minutes to allow your vestibular apparatus to stabilize. A sudden change in body position can lead to nausea and dizziness.
• If possible, stand under contrastshower. The last spray must be cool.
• Already in the early stages, wear compress underwear. It perfectly stabilizes the pressure.
• If you feel unwell, lie down on the bed and raise your legs above head level. The blood will drain from the legs to the upper body, which will oxygenate the brain.
• Light exercise improves blood circulation, which in turn stabilizes blood pressure.

Hypertension in the early stages

High blood pressure is just as dangerous for pregnant women as low blood pressure. Critical indicators can be considered 140/90 and above.

Feelings during implantation of the embryo to the uterus in case of increased pressure:

• Sweating increases.
• A woman may hear constant ringing in her ears.
• Vision worsens, flies appear before the eyes.
• The head can hurt very badly, both in the back of the head and in the temples.

Causes of high blood pressure can be:

• Overweight.
• Thyroid dysfunction.
• Diabetes mellitus.
• Unrest, stressful situations.
• A woman's age plays an important role. The older she is, the more difficult it is to bear a fetus.
• TBI.

Prevention of pressure surges:

• Transition to PP. It is important to eat not only a variety of foods. This should be done as often as possible, but in moderation. Do not eat s alty and spicy. With high blood pressure, stop drinking coffee andtea.
• Sleep should last at least 8 hours. If you feel tired during the day, you can organize a daytime nap.
• Daily walks, light physical activity in the form of swimming or dancing, also help to improve the condition of the expectant mother.

The state of a pregnant woman depends not only on herself, but also on her environment. The future father should make every effort to make the wife and future baby feel comfortable.