Low placentation during pregnancy: causes, symptoms, treatment

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

The diagnosis of "low placentation" is established on the basis of ultrasound screening and obstetric examination. Scheduled ultrasound screening of pregnant women helps to identify the pathology in time and, if necessary, prescribe the necessary treatment. What types of pathology are there? Can it be de alt with?

Anterior placenta

A low anterior placenta is a situation where the embryo attaches to the wall at the bottom of the uterus and is located 6 cm from the exit from it.

This phenomenon is dangerous as follows:

1. The growing embryo presses on the front of the uterus.
2. There is a risk of separation of the placenta from the uterine wall and vaginal bleeding, which, in turn, without proper care, usually leads to the death of the embryo.
3. Insufficient supply of oxygen to the embryo.

Causes:

• damage to the uterine lining;
• postoperative sutures;
• anatomical features.

There is no treatment for this phenomenon. It is only recommended not to aggravate the situation.

It is necessary to give up sex and exercise. If bleeding is detected, seek medical attention immediately. Do not skip trips to specialists and ultrasound. If these recommendations are followed, the situation improves in the third trimester.

Why and why is low placentation dangerous? Sometimes during childbirth, emergency medical intervention is required. Namely, the amniotic sac is pierced. If the life of the fetus is in danger, a caesarean section may be performed.

However, this diagnosis cannot be a factor leading to early termination of pregnancy. It is only necessary to strictly follow the advice of doctors.

Placing on the rear wall: features

Low posterior placentation is safer for the fetus than anterior. Because in this case:

1. The absolute immobility of the placenta is ensured, which reduces the risk of its inflammation, abruption.
2. Reduces the risk of injury to mother and fetus.
3. Shocks and movements are felt easier, viral and inflammatory agents almost do not penetrate to the fetus, negative environmental factors affect the he alth of the child less.
4. The chance of birth injury due to presentation is minimized.
5. There is a chance to give birth naturally.
6. Completely safe with uterine scars.
7. Occurs when the first child was born by caesarean section.

Causes of pathology

Specialists do not determine the exact cause,according to which a pregnant woman can develop low placentation.

But still, a few of the most likely factors stand out:

1. Anatomy of the reproductive system.
2. Past vascular disease, infectious or inflammatory processes.
3. Surgical interventions. This includes abortions.
4. Congenital physical malformations of the fetus.
5. Acquired as a result of exposure to negative pathological factors.
6. Age of the patient.
7. History of uterine fibroids.
8. First delivery.
9. Inflammation of the ovaries, cyst formation.
10. Anemia.

Risk group

The risk group for developing a low-lying placenta includes:

1. Late labor (women over 35).
2. Those patients who had complex infectious and inflammatory diseases in adulthood.
3. Expecting mothers with more than one child at the same time.
4. Women with a history of uterine fibroids.
5. Young girls who are regularly subjected to serious overload (athletes engaged in hazardous work).

Symptoms

It is noticed that a pregnant woman with such placentation may develop late preeclampsia, there is a decrease in blood pressure. In addition, the child does not have enough oxygen for full development. But if the location is not entirely critical, a woman may not notice any significant signs of developing a low placentation.

Woman may report onset of symptoms, usuallycharacteristic of the abortion process:

• cutting or pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
• discharge with some blood.

During the bearing of a child, it is important for a pregnant woman to monitor her he alth, since in most cases, placental abruption at the initial stage does not have any particular pain. But this condition can be very harmful to the child.

Diagnosis

At the first ultrasound at 12-16 weeks of pregnancy, the doctor can determine the presence of a low location of the placenta and its degree. Also during the study, it is necessary to assess the level of blood flow in the vessels, the size of the placenta, the condition of the fetus as a whole. The definition of this anomaly in the first trimester of gestation is not critical, since the placenta grows with the child, and may shift during pregnancy.

Therefore, it is imperative to confirm the diagnosis of "low placentation" by ultrasound performed in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy at the 20-22nd and 32-34th weeks, respectively. It often happens that closer to childbirth, the placenta can move up and take a normal position by the beginning of childbirth. If the patient has spotting, an obstetric examination is performed in the gynecological chair.

With a pronounced degree of low placentation, the doctor can palpate the edge or even a small part of the placenta through the internal pharynx. In this case, it is necessary to carefully monitor the pregnant woman and resolve the issue of delivery.

Treatment for low placement

The placenta plays a decisive role in pregnancy. She protects the fetus. With the help of the placenta, the fetus receives the necessary protection and nutrition. But, unfortunately, during the development of the placenta, various deviations are possible, which include its low location.

With this development of the placenta, there is a danger of improper development of the fetus. The fetus does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients necessary for its development.

Unfortunately, there is no effective medical treatment for low placentation in pregnancy yet.

But still there are a number of rules that must be followed:

1. Any physical activity is absolutely forbidden. Jumping, running, carrying weights or sudden movements should be forgotten.
2. Sexual life should be completely abandoned.
3. Regular visits to the gynecologist are recommended. When recommended by a doctor, immediately lie down for preservation. In this way, miscarriage can be avoided.
4. If you experience bleeding symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.
5. When lying down, be sure to put pillows under your feet.

Thus, despite all the danger, low placentation under the supervision of a doctor and following all the advice in most cases cannot lead to serious consequences.

Bandage will improve the situation

Bandage is a tool for additional support for the abdomen of a pregnant woman. It is a necessary condition for the successful bearing of the fetus and the preservation of uterine tone,back muscle he alth.

During the normal course of pregnancy, a woman must necessarily use a bandage with low placentation to naturally raise the level of the uterus and attach the placenta in the right place.

In the case of the formation of structural features of the endometrium or the appearance of breech presentation, the bandage is prescribed strictly according to the doctor's recommendations.

In the early stages of pregnancy with low placentation, the use of a bandage is allowed. However, not every type of therapeutic and prophylactic product is able to suit a future mother. In specialized stores, you should choose low-set models that lift the stomach from under the navel.

Women in labor with defects in the musculoskeletal system are required to wear a bandage from the first to the last day of pregnancy. The attending obstetrician-gynecologist should consult on the rules for its use and on available models, based on ultrasound data.

In the event that the doctor categorically prohibits the use of abdominal bandages, you can use specialized seamless underwear for pregnant women. It provides the support you need without pushing or pinching.

Birthing appointment

In most cases, a woman diagnosed with "low placentation" or "breech presentation" is unable to give birth naturally. To conduct childbirth as naturally as possible, specialists of a medical institution prescribe an additional ultrasound. The study is carried out immediately before childbirth. This allows you to make sure that the birth canal is open, and nothing interferes with the passage of the child.

Independent childbirth with low placentation is allowed only with the permission of specialists.

In the event that the fetal sac and the placenta completely descend, closing the exit, a decision is made to perform a caesarean section. Without such an operation, there is a real threat to the life and he alth of the mother and child. In this case, there is a risk of damage to the fallopian tubes and large vessels.

Every woman thinks about her he alth during pregnancy. After all, this will affect the life of her child.

What to do with low placentation during pregnancy

Everyone knows that the diagnosis can be removed late in pregnancy. Only a small number of women will retain it.

So try these tips:

• try to get more rest;
• don't squat and bend over often;
• go to the gynecologist, go through all the necessary doctors;
• after that, take all the tests.

If you feel pain in your stomach, then take a horizontal position. Then call an ambulance.

Rules of conduct for low placentation

If these rules are observed, the pathology may disappear:

1. Stop running and other sports.
2. Before you go on vacation or on a long trip, consult withgynecologist.
3. Use all the necessary vitamins prescribed by a specialist.
4. Forget about stress.
5. Be outdoors more often. This is important for your body.

What predictions

The medical term "low placentation" means that the baby's place is attached quite low from the lower pharynx - about 6-8 cm. With this position of the fetus, it is almost impossible to give birth naturally, but still doctors leave a chance for a successful outcome, as the uterus grows and stretches upwards.