What is tissue density?

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

In order to choose a good, durable piece of fabric, from underwear to curtains, you need to have at least a minimum amount of information about the quality characteristics of the material of the purchased purchase.

The main of these indicators are the composition and density of tissues, we will consider them in more detail in this article.

Separation of fabrics by origin of composite fibers

This moment is one of the most important in determining the quality of the fabric, its operational and consumer properties.

Before we begin to consider the density of fabrics, let's spend a little time on their composition, which plays one of the essential roles in the strength and quality of fabric products.

According to the composition of the raw materials from which fabrics are made, they can be divided into:

• natural (linen, cotton, wool);
• synthetic (polyester, polyamide, acetate, acrylic);
• mixed.

Polyamide fibers

Let's take a closer look at synthetic polyamidefibers of fabrics, such popular all over the world as nylon or kapron (as these fibers were called in the USSR) can be attributed to them. Materials made from such fibers have good physical and chemical properties: high strength, uniformity, excellent dyeability, low weight, wear resistance. But the low thread density of the fabric makes it thin.

Polyamide occupies a leading position in the use of various threads.

But along with such positive characteristics, this material has two significant drawbacks:

• afraid of the sun's rays (or rather, loses its strength from their direct hit);
• stretches a lot when wet.

Polyester fibers

Polyester fibers (polyester) give the fabric lightness, low moisture absorption, and at the same time such fabrics do not stretch, are resistant to ultraviolet rays, and have high strength.

The density of fabrics made of polyester fibers is higher than that of nylon.

They also have disadvantages and are as follows: stiffness, high degree of flammability and electrification.

It is best to add a small percentage of synthetic fibers to natural fibers to better retain the shape of the fabric.

Mechanical properties of fabrics

In addition to the composition on the product label, you also need to pay attention to a number of density indicators, which, in their combination and combination, form the mechanical properties of the fabrics.

These characteristics are mainly influenced bystructure and density of the fabric (gsm square).

The structure of a fabric is the way the threads are woven into its fabric.

Density of fabric (g/m2) refers to the main indicators of its structure. Density affects weight, breathability, stiffness, heat-shielding properties, and drapeability of fabrics. And all these characteristics affect the finished thing, whether it be a raincoat, an umbrella or a tablecloth.

Fabric density is measured as the number of warp and weft threads per ten centimeters of fabric.

Separate and separately calculate the density of the weft threads and the density of the warp threads.

Depending on the ratio of these two densities, materials are divided into equal and unequal density.

There are also absolute, maximum and relative fabric density.

Absolute Density

Absolute - density, which refers to the actual number of threads per centimeter of material. This indicator varies over a wide range, for fabrics with different compositions it is very different. For example, for coarse linen fabrics, it is within fifty threads per centimeter of fabric, for silk fabrics - a thousand threads per centimeter.

This indicator does not make it clear how close the threads are to each other. For example, in a piece of fabric with an area of one centimeter there can be a lot of thin threads, but they can be located at a great distance from each other. But there may be few thick threads, but they can touch orcrush each other, tightly clinging to each other.

Max Density

In order to compare the density of materials that are made from threads of different thicknesses, the concepts of maximum and relative density were introduced.

The maximum density of the fabric is the maximum possible number of threads that fit into a fabric with an area of \u200b\u200bone square centimeter, provided that all these threads have the same diameter, are located without shifts and wrinkling at the same distance from each other.

Relative density

Linear (relative) fabric density - the ratio of actual and maximum density, which is determined by percentages.

In the case when the maximum density is equal to the actual one, then the surface density is 100%, the threads in such material are located without crumpling and shifts, touch each other with the same distance.

But when the relative density is over one hundred percent, the filaments will shift, shrink or flatten.

And if this figure is below one hundred percent, then the threads are at a small distance from each other.

Linear fill or relative density can range from 25 to 150 percent.

The higher the linear fill rate, the higher will be the characteristics such as strength, rigidity, wind resistance, elasticity, wear resistance. It also increases the surface density of the fabric.

But along with this, indicators such as vapor tightness are falling,air tightness and stretchability.

Cloths, which have a linear fill rate of more than one hundred percent, almost do not deform, are difficult to wet and heat treatment. Therefore, things made of such materials are difficult to wash and iron, they are also hard and do not drape well.

Weight of fabric

Another important indicator of the strength of the material is its surface density, which shows how many grams of fabric in one centimeter square of its area, it determines the material consumption of fabric products.

This indicator depends on the linear density and the type, structure and nature of the finish of threads and fabrics.

For textile materials, the density index is regulated by GOST. Fabric weights vary greatly between garments and therefore influence material selection for a particular garment.

The indicator of the surface density of the fabric is determined by weighing a piece of fabric and then calculating according to the formula: P \u003d m / LB, where:

• m – actual weight;
• LB is the area of the fabric (the length is multiplied by the width of the piece of fabric).

In order for the indicators to be as close to real as possible, the materials are kept under normal conditions for two days before weighing. This is due to the fact that clothing materials have the ability to absorb moisture, thus acquiring a large mass and changing some of their properties.

The heaviest materials are used for coats, and the lightest materials are used for light clothingdresses and scarves.

What weight of fabric is suitable for bed linen?

The first thing you should pay attention to when buying bed linen is the composition and density.

The durability and strength of bed linen depend on these two indicators.

If we consider strength, then there are two indicators that affect the density of bedding fabrics: linear and surface density.

Below is a list of fabrics and their linear density:

• cambric (has a low rate of only 20-30 threads per 100 mm of material);
• coarse calico (has a density below average - 35-40 threads);
• linen (average linear density - 50-55 threads);
• ranfors (this figure for the fabric is above average and is about 70 threads);
• poplin and satin (high linear density - from 85 to 120 threads per 100 mm of material);
• jacquard and percale (champions in line count, which ranges from 130 to 280 threads per 100mm of material).

As bed linen, not only the number of threads per area, but also their grammage, that is, the twist of the threads, the tightness of their fit, and the method of weaving, also play an important role.

The most common and traditional fabric for bed linen in the countries of the post-Soviet space is coarse calico, which consists of 100% cotton (according to GOST in Russia), has a cross weave of fairly thick threads.

Choosingbed made of this type of material, you need to pay attention to the surface density. The higher it is, the higher the quality of the canvas. An example of the best and most popular fabric density is between 130 and 160 grams per fabric area.

Bedding sets made of coarse calico have the perfect balance of quality and price. This fabric is ideal for those who love naturalness and do not pay attention to softness and elasticity.