Experimenting in the preparatory group. Children's experimentation in preschool

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

In the conditions of modern society, such human qualities as independence, the ability to improve one's skills, constantly learn, expanding the knowledge base, become especially significant. And the sphere of education, including preschool, cannot stand aside, because it is she who forms the inclinations for the further development of children. A new direction of work with kindergarten students is experimentation in the preschool educational institution, aimed at understanding the properties of objects and natural phenomena through their direct perception. This training is the most effective.

Experimenting in the preparatory group

The most suitable age to begin this kind of cognitive activity is the period of 5-6 years. Therefore, experimentation is most effective in the preparatory group of the kindergarten. At this age, exploration is natural for a child.process. He studies everything that happens around, but most often it happens haphazardly. Specially prepared experiments on experimentation in the preschool educational institution will be able to expand the child's ideas about the world around him, to interest him in something that he might not have encountered in everyday life.

The teacher in this case is not the subject of influence on the object (student), but becomes one with him, exploring and learning together. The purpose of this activity in the preparatory group is to help the child:

• select object;
• find method;
• gather the most complete information.

These tasks for the baby lie in the zone of proximal development, that is, they cannot yet be carried out by him on his own.

Experimenting in a preschool educational institution according to the Federal State Educational Standard is an actively developing area of preschool pedagogy, specific methods of which are created and tested in modern kindergartens. Educators build their own curriculum based on common goals and objectives.

Goals and objectives of technology

Experimenting in the preparatory group is an important part of the cognitive work. Its significance is very great. The preparatory group is children of preschool age who have been in preschool for the last year. Thus, the skills and knowledge acquired here become the basis for further education. Children's experimentation in preschool has the following goals:

• creating conditions for the formation of a holistic picture of the world in the child, surrounding objects and phenomena;
• development of the emotional and value sphere of the personality;
• enrichment of vocabulary and general knowledge base;
• improving communication skills, the ability to cooperate with peers and the teacher.

The implementation of these points will be the more successful, the more systematically built the process of cognition and effective interaction between the baby and the adult.

Expected results

Each activity has a specific goal, including children's experimentation in preschool. The results must be tangible. What exactly do educators achieve by conducting such unusual and interesting classes in the preparatory group? The result of the pedagogical process should be as follows:

• Children are getting better at speaking, using more words in their active vocabulary.
• The value of the surrounding world, nature becomes higher, because in close interaction with objects of wildlife, the child learns to understand the needs of plants and animals and empathize with them.
• Working as a team, delimiting areas of activity, each performing his own task and bringing together all the data for a common result, kids begin to communicate more effectively.
• The world in the view of young experimenters no longer consists of separate things and phenomena, it turns into an integral structure.

In other words, a preschooler begins to more objectively evaluate everything that surrounds him, from objects to people, and this will greatly help him in his future adult life.

All you need is in plain sight

Whatis a corner of experimentation in preschool? A kindergarten that practices innovative teaching must be equipped with appropriate materials. The experimentation corner in the preschool educational institution should consist of objects and materials that are used in the course of the lesson. Illustrations are also relevant: schemes of experiments, description and image of the properties and qualities of the objects under study. The exposition should not be static: children quickly lose interest in what is constantly in sight. The most acceptable option would be a thematic exhibition for each lesson. On the day when the properties of magnets are studied, not only the objects under study will be in the experiment corner, but also samples of various metals and other materials: wood, plastic, rubber, minerals, etc.

Actually, the experiment corner in the preparatory group must necessarily contain everything that is required in order to study weight, attraction, time, simple chemical reactions and physical phenomena. For the most part, these are household items that we use in everyday life.

What exactly to fill the experimenting corner in the preparatory group? It must contain:

1. Tara. Anything that stores materials, reagents, and samples. Most jars, boxes and bottles should be made of plastic. Use of wooden and metal capacities is possible. Glass should be avoided due to the increased risk of injury. Children can break fragile jars and cut themselves on splinters. In those days whenglass will be the object of research, all objects made of this material should be shown to preschoolers only in the presence of a teacher.



2. Collection of natural materials. Here you can use everything that surrounds us. Grains, soil samples: sand, clay, forest or garden soil, gravel, shells, etc. Stones of interesting shapes and colors, cones, herbariums or dried flowers, as well as live indoor flowers are also suitable. In addition to plants, it is worth showing children and animals: a hamster in a cage, fish in an aquarium - they are interesting to watch, you can feed them and learn a lot of new things.



3. Collection of paper, fabrics, foil and other interesting textures.
4. Magnets of different sizes and strengths, as well as metal objects.
5. Flashlights, bulbs, candles and other light sources.
6. Magnifiers according to the number of children and at least one microscope and binoculars.
7. Safe dyes (you can take food).
8. Thermometers (non-mercury), pipettes, syringes without needles.
9. Balloons, paper or thin fabric ribbons (to determine the direction of the wind).



10. Towels, napkins, aprons and scarves, oilcloths or cloth tablecloths for covering tables during experiments.
11. Thematic literature, illustrations, sketches of ongoing experiments.
12. Time meters: clock with an arrow, sand, solar, calendars.
13. Scales: electronic and classical, withweights.
14. Mirrors, preferably in plastic frames and on substrates - these are harder to break.

Construction in the preparatory group

Building as a form of experimentation is great for 5 to 6 year olds. The preparatory group for this work is fertile ground: preschoolers love to interact with materials and forms, they know what they are, they already do a lot on their own and at the same time develop their skills. And what they are not yet able to do, they learn to do with the help of educators.

Designing in the preparatory group aims to expand the child's ideas about the physical properties of objects. It also develops creativity (the ability to think creatively, outside the box).

Besides, in these classes, the emotional and value sphere is necessarily brought up. Students remember where, in what real conditions the actions that they model in the lesson take place, and learn to respect working people. For example, when building a house out of blocks, a preschooler correlates his own work with the activity of a real bricklayer builder. And launching a structure on wheels from a hill, he considers himself an engineer of an automobile plant. Synthetic-analytical thinking is also developing. The kid must compare the scheme of the future design with the material for its formation, correlate his actions with the proposed instructions and get the desired result.

Temporary topics for classes

Children are interested in everythingwhat surrounds them, they are ready to study anything, conducting experiments and experiments with objects and substances. The task of the teacher is to systematize their knowledge, which means that classes should be systemic, thematic. Experimentation in the preparatory group covers all areas of life - from the human senses to space travel.

Studying stones

As part of this activity, children will learn what stones are, where they come from, what they are, how they are used by people. It is important to talk about precious and semi-precious gems, building materials, etc. The work uses different rocks and rocks that differ in color, texture, weight, etc. Some of the stones can be prepared in advance, and some can be collected on a walk, keeping children interested to experimental activities.

In the development of the topic, it would be appropriate to conduct classes on ancient fossils (limestone, chalk, coal, corals), types of soil and the impact of climatic conditions on it (wind, heat, frost).

Water and its properties

Water is a great material for experiments with children. It can be easily frozen, evaporated, colored or carbonated. In the cycle of classes on water, the preparatory group is given information about its location in nature, its role in the ecological balance, physical and chemical properties. In the future, the topic can be continued by considering the inhabitants of the seas, lakes and rivers, discussing the problem of water pollution on the planet. Children should come to the conclusion about the need to save clean water andsuggest ways to save it in everyday life.

Man

The topic is revealed gradually, in the following sequence:

• human hand (as an organ of touch, a means of knowing and performing actions);
• skin (its sensitivity, reaction to the sun or water, vulnerability to heat or cold);
• ears and nose (functions, meaning, tips for keeping them he althy).

Magnet

Introducing the magnet, its characteristics and the interaction of the object with other materials.

These activities are very exciting, they do not even resemble experiments, but real tricks. Magnets run towards each other or, conversely, in different directions, are attracted in flight, through a table, paper or fabric. Particular attention of the guys can be drawn to the fact that the metals that were exposed to this object of the experiment also partially acquire its properties.

Ground. Sand and clay

The similarities and differences of different types of soil, their textures, properties, composition, ways of human use are discussed. Division into different types of sand (river, sea, coarse, fine, silicate, construction) and clay (yellow, red, black, blue, white, pottery, medicinal, etc.). Prototypes can be dissolved in water, sieved, molded into figures and evaluated.

Air

The teacher introduces children to the properties of air, its role for humans and all living things. The most visual way to study this object will be balloons. Ribbons, fluffs, feathers andother light objects. You don't need anything exotic - even cotton balls or wads of tissue paper can serve the purpose.

As part of the cycle of classes on this topic, the ratio of the weight of air of different temperatures is considered: warm air rises, and cold falls down.

Sun and space

The teacher gives the children an initial idea of the solar system, its structure, that the planets become colder the farther they are from the center. Here you can also talk about the constellations, including their symbolic designation. Children can imagine themselves as space travelers in zero gravity.

Electricity

Electricity as a special type of energy and devices that work on it - that's the topic of this lesson. Children remember and list the appliances and toys they have and think about what makes them move. Separate mention is made of the danger of electricity that "runs through the wires", and the correct handling of everything connected with it.

Color and light

During the lesson, children will learn what color is, how it is obtained when certain light rays are reflected. The concept of a spectrum is introduced, which can be illustrated on the basis of a rainbow.

Conclusion

Before you start or even plan any lesson, you need to clearly understand what result the lesson should bring. Experimentation in the preparatory group of preschool educational institutions is no exception. The most important thing forteacher - to teach children to think independently, draw conclusions, understand cause-and-effect relationships. This is necessary for any learning, and each of us learns all his life.

It is impossible to ignore the moral part of the educational process. It is important to instill in children a love for nature, what surrounds them, the ability and desire to protect its purity and respect the integrity.

Today's kindergarten kids are the generation that will live, build, invent and love for the next fifty years. And it is very important what they will take out of childhood memories, what will be their conclusions regarding the surrounding reality.

The work of educators can be compared with the work of tuners of musical instruments: as they do it, the melody of children's souls and our common future will sound.