Speech therapy classes for children. Individual work with children

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Without speech, communication is impossible. Mastering the native language, the child makes a huge breakthrough in development. The correct speech understandable to others helps him express his thoughts more accurately, simplifies the process of communication. It is much easier for a kid who does not experience speech problems to adapt in a children's team.

How should it be?

Normally, speech in children is formed by the age of four. At this age, certain features and errors are allowed. In the case of existing violations of the appearance of speech skills, speech therapy classes for children may be needed. They will help the baby to communicate more easily with peers, make contacts, join the children's team and perform at matinees.

It is important to contact a specialist at the right time. Sometimes a timely minimal adjustment can save you from long and difficult work in the case of a running process. In addition, speech therapy classes for children are a necessary element and the main adjustment in the development of speech in preparing a child for school.

Main goals

Let's consider the three most important tasks of such classes.

1. The first thing a specialist should teach a child is to understand native speech, observe and comprehend what is happening around, thereby expanding the scope of ideas about the world around. The goal of a speech therapist is to form general concepts, word-formation and inflection skills, teach how to use complex phrases and more detailed syntactic structures of a sentence.
2. Another function that speech therapy classes for children have is the formation of correct pronunciation, the development of phonemic hearing, and the consolidation of the skills of correct pronunciation of words. The speech therapist controls the clarity and expressiveness of speech, gradually teaches the child the basics of sound analysis.
3. The third main task facing the specialist is teaching independent speech using various sentences, the ability to tell in your own words about the event that happened, retell the plots of fairy tales and pictures. The common single goal is the development of the child's communication skills.

Types and forms of classes

All the knowledge gained in the classes with a speech therapist must certainly be used in communication. It is important to teach your child to creatively apply acquired skills in a variety of situations and activities.

Speech therapy classes for children are frontal, in a subgroup or individual. Let's take a closer look at each variety.

Frontal lesson is held simultaneously with the whole group, which performs lexical material. It includes sounds that are correctly pronounced by all children. Frontal lesson takes place in severalstages. First, the correct pronunciation of the studied sound is shown. At the second stage, children are taught to differentiate sounds by ear and in pronunciation. In this case, it is important to cultivate the ability to observe the words and sounds of native speech.

Subgroup classes with a speech therapist should go in parallel with the frontal ones. They are conducted with a small part of the team that unites children with similar disabilities. Depending on the dynamics of individual changes during the year, the composition of subgroups changes. The course of classes in each subgroup is in accordance with the speed of setting the desired sounds using special techniques.

Private lessons

The skills of correct sound pronunciation are automated and fixed in individual speech therapy classes. They are carried out with those children who have a problem pronouncing complex words, multiple speech pathologies, physiological disorders of the device of the articulation apparatus are observed.

Individual work with children speech therapist corrects phonemic processes, improves pronunciation, increases the child's active vocabulary. She teaches children to build coherent sentences, gives exercises for the development of articulation and fine motor skills, which have a huge impact on speech and intelligence. Individual speech therapy classes for children, the price of which when contacting a private specialist can be quite high (on average, an hour of work costs from 500 to 1,500 rubles, depending on the region and the qualifications of a speech therapist), have the greatest opportunitieselimination of speech problems.

Solving such problems, carried out in a timely manner, is the most important stage in the formation of readiness for learning.

About serious problems

Among children in need of speech therapy, there are many who suffer from severe forms of sensorimotor alalia, which are accompanied by general developmental delay, disinhibition and even autism. Each case requires a special approach.

In his work, the specialist relies on knowledge of the basics of neuropsychology, neurolinguistics, neurology, and the theory of the gradual formation of actions. Other pedagogical developments are often used, for example, the Montessori system. Sometimes it is possible to help a small patient only in cooperation with a neurologist and other doctors. The diagnosis, as a rule, is confirmed and specified in the course of work.

How to deal with problem children

An important element that classes with a speech therapist must include is relaxation. The child should be able to relax and feel comfortable. It is required to provide him with a homely atmosphere, to achieve emotional contact. If the baby at the reception refuses to cooperate, it is almost impossible to get him to speak. A variety of techniques are used to create the right atmosphere: playing with sand, water activities.

Children need to explain the meaning of what they are asked to do all the time in simple short sentences. Very desirable andsometimes eye contact is needed. You need to talk to the baby slowly and not in a too high voice, as children do not perceive a thin voice well. A child who has serious speech problems should not be given commands: "tell", "show". Parents should be convinced of this, who will have independent speech therapy classes at home with their child to consolidate the material.

Hyperactive and retarded children

As a rule, a problem patient 4-5 years old has other disorders. Most often it is a hyperactive or, on the contrary, inhibited child. Hyperactive children are especially difficult. The task of parents and educators is to try to organize the life of the baby in such a way as to completely eliminate all sources of excitement. The setting should be made for calm developmental activities.

Inhibited children require constant motor stimulation, it is possible with the use of improvised means: swings, toys, wheelchairs. You need to take the child in your arms and do various movements with him. It is very useful to use music and any sounds. Music lessons stimulate speech, reduce the degree of control the child has over his own pronunciation. Non-speaking children imitate others and become involved in the process of singing.

On the benefits of music and massage

What else can and should speech therapy classes for children include? Poems and all the same music, which wonderfully stimulate the ear, the melodiousness of speech, along the way improving the coordination of movements and the idea ofspace. Cases have been repeatedly noted when speech blockade was broken through with the help of music. Toddlers with signs of autism are important to involve in common games. They do not require special achievements, but in game situations, the mechanisms of communication and speech are naturally activated. With kids who still find it difficult to remember the rules of the game, you can just sing songs - the emotional response has a huge positive effect.

Massage can be a powerful means of direct stimulation of speech, which is necessary for many children, but not all. Physical contact is poorly tolerated by children with problems in the emotional sphere. A useful effect is given by a lesson on the development of tactile, visual and auditory perception. Tactile perception improves when feeling, stroking toys and various objects. Auditory perception is trained by listening and recognizing sounds and noises from various sources, and visual perception is trained by recognizing thematic pictures.