Identification and development of gifted children. Problems of gifted children. School for gifted children. Gifted children are

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

Every person can be considered talented in some way. And whether he succeeds or not, largely depends on whether his talent will be shown and noticed in childhood, and whether the child will have the opportunity to realize his talent. Identifying talented kids is a painstaking and difficult task. Gifted children are children who show high mental inclinations from an early age and stand out among their peers with remarkable intelligence.

Who exactly should be considered gifted and what criteria should be followed, considering this or that child the most capable? How not to miss the talent? How to reveal the hidden potential of a child who is ahead of their peers in their level of development, and how to organize work with such children?

Pros and cons of being gifted

Giftedness has a positive and a negative side. Strengths include excellent verbal skills, emotional stability, creativity, variety of interests, good memory, strong personality, and abstract thinking.child. Negative features include dictatorial inclinations, excessive demands on oneself and others, fluctuations in interests, different speed of writing and thinking compared to peers, poor physical fitness.

In order to confirm giftedness, it is necessary to collect complete information about the child from parents, educators and teachers. After collecting all the data and passing various tests, it is possible to draw conclusions about the presence of talents and abilities based on this information. It is important not to lose sight of such a child and try to educate and educate in such a way that he will further benefit the society in which he was brought up. But, no matter how paradoxical it sounds, it is a talented child that gives teachers difficulties in teaching the children's team.

Giftedness is classified according to activities and is as follows:

• Intellectual. Children show heightened curiosity and intelligence.
• Creative. Expressed in the originality of thinking, generating ideas and solutions.
• Academic. It manifests itself in the successful study of individual subjects. But at the same time, it is distinguished by the selectivity of the interests of the child.
• Artistic and aesthetic. Reflection of talent in music, literature and creativity.
• Social. Ease of making contacts and sociability.
• Sporty. It is characterized by the ability to control one's movements and control the coordination of the body.

School for Gifted Children:tasks and goals

One of the priorities of the general education school is the selection and education of gifted students, as well as the development and assistance in realizing their capabilities. Educational work is carried out among students in cooperation with parents in schools. It includes holding seminars and courses that are aimed at providing information on teaching and educating capable students. The goal of the school is the formation of modern ideas about the identification and stages of development of giftedness.

In our country, as an addition to the general educational process, there are lyceums, gymnasiums and specialized centers where gifted children study. These educational institutions operate and update innovative programs aimed at improving the efficiency of work with talented youth. Therefore, if a gifted child grows up in a family, care must be taken to develop his talents competently and harmoniously with the help of specially created programs, whether it be musical, artistic or otherwise.

But it also happens that the teacher often fails to notice the uniqueness of the student or does not know about his abilities. There are teachers who are indifferent to unusual children and do not seek to stimulate their abilities in any way.

Typical problems of gifted children

Common problems of talented children are:

1. Difficulty finding like-minded people.
2. Trying to fit in with your peers and trying to be like them.
3. Forced participation injoint activities with classmates that seem boring and uninteresting.
4. Difficulties in learning in a school where there is no work to stimulate the development of intellectual abilities.
5. Increased interest in the problems of the structure of the world and the role of man.
6. The need for adult attention.

The teacher does not always manage to understand and identify a gifted child among students and give a positive assessment of his abilities and achievements. And psychologists do not have appropriate methods and recommendations to diagnose the intelligence of children. Standardized tests don't show the full picture, and they can't reveal individual personality traits.

The difficulty also lies in the fact that the child feels his otherness, perceives it as something abnormal and begins to hide his abilities from strangers. Research confirms that highly gifted children are constantly in social isolation due to the lack of children equal in mind to him. Such a child needs peers not by age, but by the level of development of his intellect.

Pedagogical support for gifted children

The school, teachers and psychologists are faced with the task of supporting gifted and capable children. To work with this category of students, the school should focus on the following:

1. Individual training.
2. Create conditions suitable for the successful development of a capable student.
3. Provide maximum opportunities for talent development.
4. Gifted children are that special contingentwhich can be considered a national treasure. Therefore, special measures of support, both material and moral, are required. For this category of students, it is necessary to create all conditions in schools so that children can improve in accordance with their interests.

If we consider the percentage, then there are much more gifted children than talented adults. This is explained by the fact that without the help of professionals and their participation, growing up, children become ordinary people.

A special child should be at the center of special social and pedagogical programs, since the prosperity of the nation is directly related to talented youth. The earlier you start developing abilities, the higher the likelihood of their further disclosure and improvement. Helping talented children is based on the following postulates:

1. Building confidence in success through private practice.
2. In a more in-depth study of school subjects in electives and additional classes.
3. Involving your child in research activities.
4. Participation in olympiads, contests, quizzes and brainstorming sessions.
5. Close cooperation with other schools and institutions.
6. Awarding and encouragement of gifted students, publications in the media.

Difficulties in learning and communicating with classmates

The joint activity of a psychologist and a teacher at school is aimed at developing talented children, their cognitive activity, creativity and original thinking. The teacher plans his activities withinclusion in the pedagogical plan of courses on working with such children. And, if possible, the formation of a specialized class, taking into account the characteristics of gifted children.

A gifted child in the classroom is always curious, attentive, shows perseverance and perseverance in order to achieve his goals. He has a rich imagination and a great desire to learn. Along with positive qualities, there is an inability to accept the points of view of other children. A formal attitude towards learning is also expressed. In addition, a gifted student is physically behind his classmates and never seeks to defend his opinion in an argument.

A talented child has such character traits that do not contribute to establishing contact with classmates. Having their own idea of humor, they often make fun of classmates, make fun of their weaknesses and mistakes. At the same time, they themselves react painfully to criticism addressed to them. They are unrestrained, do not know how to yield and control their behavior. As a result, the following picture emerges: the intellect develops ahead of schedule, and the personal and social sphere corresponds to the biological age, therefore it lags behind in its development. This is where all the problems of gifted children come from.

A capable child aims to be always in the spotlight, to receive only praise and appreciation for his abilities. At the same time, making mistakes or not meeting praise from the teacher, he can be offended and capricious. In order to help a child develop properly in a peer group, it is important to understandfeature of socialization of such children. And to carry out work aimed at developing their positive communication skills with classmates.

Assessing the behavior of capable children

Psychology proposes to apply several basic principles aimed at accompanying gifted children. In this case, it is necessary to be based on a correct assessment of the child's behavior and his activities. It is advisable to use many different methods and technologies:

1. Using a variety of baby monitoring options.
2. Maintaining and creating a database of talented students.
3. Diagnostic training.
4. Inclusion in teaching lessons on special programs.
5. Connecting your child to individual games and activities.
6. Implementation of various intellectual games, olympiads, contests, competitions, matches and festivals.
7. Organization of specialized camps, as well as sending children to participate in scientific, environmental, local history expeditions.
8. Expert assessment of child behavior by parents and teachers.
9. Evaluation of the child's activities by professionals.

You should not set a goal and immediately fix the presence of giftedness in a child. The identification of abilities must be associated exclusively with the tasks of their education, upbringing and the provision of psychological assistance and support for teachers.

Gift or punishment?

It is generally accepted that a child who is ahead of his peers in development, who has a more developed for hisage with the mind, will not experience difficulties, problems in studies, he is destined for a promising future and a worthy place in the sun. In fact, bright children face great difficulties at school, at home, and possible tragedies in adolescence.

Many families believe that gifted children are a gift that needs to be used to the fullest, because it promises good dividends in the future. Parents admire the success of their child and demonstrate his abilities to relatives and friends. The kid will definitely catch the admiration for his achievements, remember and will wait for the constant approval from adults. Parents do not suspect that by doing this they only fuel the vanity of their child. And he, having an overestimated self-esteem, will not be able to find common ground with his peers. The inability to adapt and communicate with ordinary children can turn into grief and grief for a growing person.

The education of gifted children is structured in such a way as to bring out the strengths and weaknesses as much as possible. When compiling an individual training program, close interaction with the family is necessary - then education will have a positive trend.

Specificity of talented children

Each child is individual, but with all the variety of manifestations of character traits, a smart kid immediately stands out in the general mass of peers not only with his behavior, but also with communication with adults, a relentless desire for knowledge.

Psychologists identify some conditions for working with gifted children, knowledge of whichhelps to properly build the educational process. In general, gifted children are those who have the following traits:

1. Curiosity and the desire to show off.
2. Early mental development, honesty, openness, seriousness.
3. Persistence, will and striving for high achievements.
4. Passion for what you do, good memory and energy.
5. Demonstration of independence, but also loneliness at work.
6. Sociability and the ability to quickly establish contact not only with children, but also with adults.
7. Great store of knowledge.
8. Confidence and calmness in any situation.

Primary school as the start of personality formation

A child who has received the makings of education in a preschool institution and from his parents is fully revealed at school. Primary education is a period of learning new things, accumulation and assimilation of knowledge. Therefore, the teacher faces such a task as the development of each personality and the identification of gifted children. The fact that there are gifted children in elementary school becomes clear already at the beginning of educational activity. They show their identity, make their own decisions and build their behavior.

The puberty brings certain problems into the life of a teenager. If in elementary school a capable student failed to establish communication with classmates, then in the middle school, and then in the senior level, such a child becomes an outcast. Children cease to be interested in him, considering him arrogant and arrogant. The attitude of classmates can develop into a psychological problem and affectlater life of the child. He can become withdrawn and closed to others. How to behave at the beginning of school life? The answer lies on the surface. You shouldn't hide your abilities, but it doesn't make sense to constantly advertise them either.

Identification of individual abilities

In order to understand that a particular child is gifted, it is necessary to carefully analyze the special successes and achievements of the student. This happens by observing the class, studying psychological characteristics, memory and logical thinking. As well as a method of identifying capable children through extracurricular and educational work. In schools, it is necessary to create a database where data on capable and talented children will be entered. It is advisable to diagnose the child's abilities by a psychologist.

Teaching gifted children – meeting their needs for knowledge

When a child with extraordinary abilities begins to show himself, the teacher is faced with the question of how and what to teach in order to promote the development of the student's abilities. Programs designed for gifted children should be different from conventional teaching methods. Ideally, the education of these children should be tailored to their needs. And it is desirable that a school for gifted children function. Talented students have traits to consider:

• The ability to quickly absorb the meaning of concepts, provisions and principles. And this requires additional material to study.
• The need to focus onproblems that attracted interest and a desire to understand them.
• The ability to notice, reason and put forward your own explanations.
• Concern and anxiety about being different from peers.

Psychologists note the lack of emotional balance in a gifted child. He is impatient, impulsive, vulnerable, and he is characterized by exaggerated fears and anxiety. There are two different points of view on the education of children with pronounced abilities. According to one, it is necessary to equip special classes or educational institutions. Another point of view suggests that talented children must learn and build relationships with ordinary students, otherwise they will not learn to live among ordinary people, work and communicate with them.

An early manifestation of originality

Psychology divides giftedness into two types. It can be early, late and directly depends on the psyche of the child and the age period when it manifested itself. It is known that the early detection of any talents in a child often does not translate into high performance at an older age. Also, the absence of any manifestations of talent or talent in a preschooler does not mean that then the child will not show himself as a talented person.

An example of early giftedness is brilliant success in one type of activity: music, drawing or vocals. Intellectual children, who have a high rate of mental development, stand apart. They are characterized by early success in reading, writing and counting. These kids have a tenacious memory, observation,quick wit and desire to communicate.

It is noted that early talent manifests itself in art, especially in music, and later in drawing. Gifted children in preschool show rapid assimilation of information, feel the desire to create and explore the world around them.

The mistake of parents who understand the unique abilities of their own child is to constantly talk to him about his dissimilarity and exclusivity, raising him above the rest of the children. Because of this upbringing, children behave in kindergarten apart. They withdraw from other babies and are not interested in playing together.

Communication of the baby with his peers is an important factor in his development. From this follows the conclusion that the more prosperous the relationship of a gifted child with the children around him, the more fully he will want and be able to realize his abilities. To adapt a child in society, one should know what leads to problems in establishing contacts. The reasons are divided into three groups:

1. Norms of behavior dictated by society and culture.
2. Inflated expectations and ambitions of parents.
3. Child's personality.

How to organize the development of gifted children?

Activities for organizing work with talented children are structured as follows:

• Individual assessment of creative abilities and abilities by the teacher.
• Analysis of student success and performance.
• Identification of the preferences, interests and characteristics of the child.
• Supporting talented guys in their self-realization.
• Correctionprograms and plans for working with gifted children.
• Inclusion of complex tasks and control over participation in competitions of various levels.
• Encouragement with diplomas, diplomas and prizes.

Working with talented children, teachers should take into account the interests of each child and focus on personal characteristics, assist in solving problems and take part in their fate.

The subtleties of working with gifted children: support at school and in the family

In order for a child to feel the support and care of adults, it is necessary to conduct group classes with gifted children, electives, and subject circles in schools. And also to attract children to participate in competitions and olympiads.

For a long time, giftedness was considered separately from social and pedagogical practice. Oriented to the average level, the general education school is not suitable for those students who differ from their classmates in their abilities. Accordingly, she is not always ready to help talented children develop and realize themselves to the full.

Meanwhile, a gifted person is able to make a great contribution to the development of society. Leaving talents to chance is the mistake of any state. And as a result, I would like to add that working with gifted children is a constant, complex process that requires attention. It requires new knowledge, flexibility, personal growth and close cooperation with parents from teachers and educators.