2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21
Does the kid easily parry the statements of adults, wittily respond to comments, grasp new knowledge and skills on the fly, can he quickly figure out complex schemes or puzzles? People around smile and say: "Smart child, he will come out of it." Are resourcefulness and quick wit innate qualities or can you develop them in your baby?
At the intersection of psychology and pedagogy
Every child, regardless of his gender and place of birth, comes into this world with certain abilities - certain psychological inclinations that affect how he will learn new skills and knowledge in the future.
His personality is shaped by the environment where he gets new experiences. This includes not only knowledge like mathematics, languages or physical laws, but also the general principle of interaction with the outside world - determination, courage, the ability to communicate productively.
The concept of "intelligent child" as such is absent in psychology orpedagogy. This is in a sense a collective term that describes children who are distinguished by their special ingenuity, courage, resourcefulness, quick wit and ingenuity in all areas of life. This is what Dahl, in his dictionary of the living Great Russian language, called "liveness of mind".
Diaper education
Smart child - what is it? The very first and most important quality of such children is the absence of fear of interaction with the world and other people. Today, the idea of basic trust in the world, which is formed in the baby during the first year of life and serves as the basis on which he builds his relationships with others, has become more widespread.
The concept of basic trust and the basic principles of its formation were first introduced into developmental psychology by the scientist, historian and psychologist Eric Erickson in the book "Childhood and Society" in 1950. Later they became widespread in the works of other American psychologists.
According to this theory, a newborn who has just come into this world expects absolute acceptance and love from him and realizes the satisfaction of this need only through contact with his mother.
A small child must be sure that his mother is always there, always reassure him and help him, one has only to call for help, gradually, day after day and month after month, his trust in his mother is formed, and later in other close people. Over time, a person makes friends, begins to trust them, and subsequently other people.
Communication and trust
A person with a well-formed basic trust is always open to contact, not afraid to express his thoughts and defend his point of view. Many believe that he is too gullible, but this is not a completely correct theory.
Of course, a two-three-year-old baby, as a rule, does not expect a dirty trick either from the adults around him or the children. But a critical assessment of their activities arises only as a response to interaction, which is unthinkable without trust.
It is also interesting. A child who did not receive sufficient warmth and acceptance from his mother in early childhood (for example, children brought up in the walls of a baby house or a hospital) seeks this contact and love from everyone he meets, thereby being deceived much more often.
Trust and mental alertness
So how are the concepts of "smart child" and "trust in the world" related? It is obvious that a child who is not afraid to ask questions, to put forward theories and assumptions, not afraid to look ridiculous, will develop faster than his reserved and shy peer.
Almost all children are naturally quite inquisitive and curious, they explore everything that comes around and ask hundreds of convenient and uncomfortable questions a day, juxtapose facts and often try to catch adults on an inaccuracy or a slip of the tongue.
Environment as a shaping factor
But natural inclinations and formed trust are only half of the conditions for the formation of a way of thinking and ingenuity of a smart child. Second, no less importantpart is the environment in which the baby grows up.
Unfortunately, not all modern public institutions of education - nurseries, kindergartens and schools - are aimed at shaping the thinking of a he althy, critically thinking person. For the most part, due to the large number of children per adult, such institutions average and standardize individualities, depriving the child of the opportunity to develop at his own pace and in his own direction.
Remember, there were many smart kids in kindergarten, but closer to school they begin to think in terms of categories and concepts, they think within the framework indicated by the teacher or teacher, they are afraid to make a mistake or stumble. In this regard, children with home education are very different from kindergarteners.
If home education is organized correctly, the child has contact with a large number of friendly adults and children, he can choose with whom to spend time with, then he develops faster than his peers who spend most of the day in a government institution.
However, one should not think that when education is carried out by mom, dad, grandmother, attending numerous circles or family education is a panacea. It all depends on how much quality time the adults around him are willing to devote to the baby, and it doesn’t matter whether they are relatives or caregivers.
Knowledge underpins critical thinking
Not the last role in the formation of critical thinking and ingenuity is played by the baggage of knowledge that the child owns. Andhere both quality and quantity are raised to the absolute. A smart child, or one whom parents set out to raise like that, should have access to all kinds of educational, artistic and educational literature according to age. It is better if their interaction occurs due to the natural curiosity of the child, and not pressure from the adult.
Let's get bored baby. When all the activities of an adult are focused on the baby and knowledge is served to him chewed, anticipating the appearance of questions, his natural curiosity quickly fades, and he goes into a state of endless search for entertainment that quickly gets bored.
A child, left to himself, will stand on his head for the first few days, then follow adults with a request to come up with an occupation for him, until, finally, he will occupy himself with studying the world in a form accessible to him - modeling, reading, drawing, pull-ups or any other activity.
Instead of endlessly giving kids information they mostly miss, ask them questions. And if you get a confused answer from a smart child, do not rush to correct it or run for an encyclopedia. Give him the opportunity to finally get confused and realize that he was wrong, and then, asking leading questions, "swim up" to the surface.
Such a practice will not only reward him with knowledge that he will not forget, because he came to them on his own, but will also train him in discussion, eloquence andlogic.
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