Educational program for children. Early Childhood Education Program

2024 Author: Priscilla Miln | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 00:21

The period of education and upbringing of a preschooler is the foundation from which the child's personality begins to form, the basis for building his successful future. The educational program for preschool children should cover three areas: mental development, moral and physical education.

Mental development of a preschooler

Determined by degree:

• pencil and brush skills;
• reading and writing skills;
• the ability to make a short retelling and memorize small verses;
• knowledge of numbers (in forward and reverse order), the ability to perform simple arithmetic operations;
• knowledge of basic geometric shapes;
• the ability to tell the time;
• ownership of initial ideas about the world.

Moral education

How a child can behave in a group of peers and adults, how ready he is to learn, his future school life largely depends. Therefore, the program of preschool education should be built in such a way as not to lose sight of this aspect.

Physical fitness

As Dr. Komarovsky said: “A happy child is first of all a he althy child. And only then - able to read and play the violin. Therefore, children's educational programs are inconceivable without elements of physical culture.

Teaching children 2-3 years old

This age is characterized by an intense acquaintance of the child with the outside world, the colors and shapes of objects, their sizes and textures. The kid is able to vividly express emotions, respond to his successes and failures, communicate with other children and adults. During this age period, you should not be zealous in teaching the child letters and numbers, since all this for him is incomprehensible hieroglyphs that do not cause any interest. Also, the effectiveness of learning foreign languages will be much higher at a later age.

The educational program for children should be aimed at understanding the world around them with the help of the senses: sight, hearing, smell and touch. Scientists have proven that success in mastering reading skills directly depends on the ability to feel the world. The preschool education program for children aged 2 and 3 is based on the development of fine motor skills. The fact is that the child's fingers contain a large number of receptors that send impulses to areas of the brain that are simultaneously responsible for the coordination of the movements of the fingers and for the development of speech. For these purposes, finger gymnastics, sorting out small objects (safe, of course), playing with cubes and balls of varioussizes, classes with patches of fabrics of various textures, playing "patty-cakes", "magpie-crow", modeling from plasticine and so on.

It is worth paying due attention to physical exercises, accompanied by nursery rhymes and jokes. In general, any activity of a baby at this age should take place in a playful way - this is the most effective method for him to explore the world and learn at this stage of development.

Teaching children 4-5 years old

This age is perfect for gently starting teaching your child letters and numbers. Now the baby is already able to analyze the properties of objects, purposefully influence them, he is more calm, assiduous and better organized. If a child can enthusiastically play educational games for 10-15 minutes - go ahead! The age of 4-5 years is also ideal for sending your child to some kind of circle or sports section. By this time, the physical development of the child's musculoskeletal system allows him to successfully master the basics of swimming, choreography, martial arts, and so on.

If you notice a tendency for linguistics in a child, learning a foreign language or attending a theater group will be an excellent solution for developing these abilities. Sculpting, fine arts, vocals are perfect for creative kids. However, if the child still does not know how to focus attention, consciously carry out developmental tasks, is impatient and reacts violently to his own failures, he shouldtake some time off reading and going to clubs.

To learn to concentrate the child will help the joint production of crafts. You should start with simple details so that the result is quick, gradually complicating the task. In the course of work, it is important to show the baby that any failure can be corrected. The study of the alphabet, numbers and animals can easily be included in this process. With a little imagination, you can kill several birds with one stone. For the development of fine motor skills, it is advisable to use exercises such as passing a labyrinth with a pen, tracing and coloring pictures, weaving, modeling, and much more.

Teaching children 6-7 years old

Modern physiologists, psychologists, teachers and speech therapists agree that this period is most favorable for the development of attention, perception, memory and thinking of the child. Physiologically, the baby is already ready for developmental learning, and he has a desire to learn. That is why a six-year-old child is sometimes able to bring his parents to white heat with his many “whys”. Brushing off your inquisitive child or limiting yourself to superficial answers is like depriving a tree of life-giving moisture. So be patient and find the complete information to satisfy your little one's curiosity. At this age, it's time to teach the child to count, write, tell the time by the clock, explain to him the basics of geography and astronomy. The educational program for children 6 years old already provides for the transition to organized forms of study.

Correctactions of parents

the world. Various institutions of preschool education help to successfully solve this problem. Kindergartens, preschool groups and specialized educational institutions not only use effective programs and unique methods to prepare children for school, but also have additional courses in their arsenal, such as English language training programs.

Undoubtedly, teaching a child in a team has a number of advantages over individual lessons: here the skills of correct interaction with peers are developed, discipline, the concept of responsibility, and the ability to resolve difficult situations are developed. Interactive educational programs, as well as the work of psychologists, will undoubtedly help the child in the future to adapt more easily to new school conditions and quickly move to the position of “I am a student.”

Of course, each baby is individual, and it is also quite possible to achieve the desired results without outside help. If you have firmly decided that your independent studies with a child will be no worse than a training program for children in preschool educational institutions, just take into account the age-related characteristics of the baby's psychology and adhere to certainrules.

Advice for parents

• Training in a playful way and use every opportunity for this: read to the baby, communicate, invent games together, look for objects of the same color on a walk, show him interesting natural phenomena, keep the child’s curiosity, teach him to operate with time.
• Be sure to provide your child with communication with peers. These should be systematic joint games on playgrounds, in the park, arranging contests, quizzes, and relay races for kids. All this will be the first skills of the child's behavior within the team.



• It is worth moving on to teaching a child to read only when his oral speech is developed to a sufficient degree. Start again with game forms, gradually moving to more complex ones. Remember that in this case, it is not so much the duration that is important, but the frequency and sequence of classes. Literature for reading should correspond to the age and individual characteristics of the baby - read what he is interested in knowing. If the child's speech contains many errors in the syllabic structure of words or their agreement, has obvious pronunciation defects, then your initial task is to contact a speech therapist.
• In no case should you abruptly transfer a child to a school regime: deprive him of a quiet hour, arrange home lessons with notebooks, calls and breaks. Everything that educational programs for schoolchildren provide for in educating a preschooler is not only unnecessary, but can also cause certain harm.– being forcibly involved in adult life, the child may lose desire and interest in school life.